03 阅读理解（主旨大意题）-2025年高考英语一轮复习基础知识能力提升全囊括（通用版）

阅读理解---主旨大意题 [命题解读] 主旨大意题主要考查考生归纳概括信息、把握文章主题和理解中心思想的能力，要求考生在阅读中抓住主要信息。主旨可分为直陈式和暗含式。直陈式的主旨可以直接从阅读材料中找出；而暗含式的主旨隐含在文中，需要考生对文中的各种信息进行分析、归纳、概括才能得出。主旨要义类题目在阅读理解中所占比重虽然不大，但是难度较大，是考生容易失分的题目类型，应给予足够的重视。 [设题特点] 主旨大意题目主要的考查形式：理解段落大意、把握全文主旨和拟定文章标题。该类题目在文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。 [选项特征] 正确选项特征 1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段； 2.确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小； 3.精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩； 4.一般不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。 干扰选项特征 1.主题扩大：所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容； 2.以偏概全：所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点； 3.偷换概念：所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案； 4.无中生有：所给选项的关键词虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。 考法一 最佳标题类 [设题特点] 标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。此类题目主要考查考生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括，最终准确地选出文章的标题。记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。 [技法点拨] 典例1【2023届江苏省南京市镇江市高三上学期第一次八校联考】 Some of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every night when he came home from the office. I’d watch as he put his personal items away: his watch, wallet, comb and car keys. They would always occupy the same spot on the table every time. Dad’s comb was jade green. I heard he bought it when he married Mum. Every night, he would smile, hand me the comb and say, “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?” I was more than happy to do it. At age five, this kind of task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap on, and then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me, and place the comb on top of his wallet. About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky. He didn’t come home as much as he used to. And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. Why didn’t he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job? Why take the