课后提升练(14) Section Ⅳ WRITING（Word练习）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

课后提升练(十四) Section Ⅳ　WRITING [对应学生用书P185] Ⅰ.阅读理解 What are the biggest problems that society will have to deal with in the new age？There are diseases like AIDS and cancer. There's climate change，of course. And what about producing enough cheap food and energy for the world's growing population？Who's going to solve all these terrible problems？Yes，politicians and world leaders will have a big part to play. Yes，businesses will need to create the economic wealth to pay for some of these things. But who's going to make a much greater difference to something like AIDS or climate change？It's going to be a scientist. It is the scientist who can turn some new bit of science into a new technology to solve these problems. If you like thinking about the world around you，why not become a scientist？It doesn't mean you have to wear a white coat and plastic glasses and spend all your time in a lab as most people often imagine! Scientists do all kinds of amazing things that are actually interesting! Military scientists develop not only new weapons but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date. Forensic(法医的) scientists work with the police to find quite small clues to catch criminals. Scientists work in schools and colleges as the teachers and professors who will train tomorrow's scientists. Don't think a scientist is far away! Maybe you like cooking？You could be a food technologist helping to keep fruit and vegetables fresher for longer. Perhaps sport is your thing？Do you know that most top athletes work with sports scientists in order to improve their performance？You could even be the science writer who gets to spend the life studying the latest advances and sharing them with the world. Looking for something to do for the rest of your life. My advice？Take a long and hard look at science. It is interesting. 1．Many problems are mentioned in the first paragraph to ________． A．suggest they are impossible to be solved B．introduce the causes of these problems C．show the writer's worry about the future world D．show scientists play an important part in solving them 2．What is needed to solve these problems? A．Advanced weapons. B．Enough energy. C．New technologies. D．A growing population. 3．Most people think the life of scientists is ________． A．amazing　　　　　　　 B．boring C．colorful D．unreal 4．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A．Owing to military technologies，there has been no wars. B．For those interested in cooking，food technologies may be a choice. C．Forensic scientists play an important part in dealing with crimes. D．Most athletes can achieve greater achievements with the help of sports scientists. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章提出，在新时代，很多问题急需解决，而科学家们在解决这些问题中发挥着重要作用。 1．D　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后三句可知，第一段中提到的很多问题是为了说明科学家在解决这些问题中起着重要作用。故选D项。 2．C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，解决这些问题需要新科技。故选C项。 3．B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可推断，多数人认为科学家的生活是无聊的。故选B项。 4．A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知A项(由于军事技术，已经没有战争了)表述错误，故选A项。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Born in Monterey，Virginia in 1896，Marjorie Stewart Joyner moved to Chicago，Illinois at 16.In 1916，she became the first black woman to 　1　 from the A．B．Molar Beauty School. Later she worked for self­made millionaire Madame C．J.Walker's company，which owned nearly 200 hair salons(沙龙) and 　2　 many well­known black figures of the time. During the 1920s，black women had real difficulty with their 　3　 ．In order to straighten their tightly­curled(紧紧卷曲的) hair，they would have to 　4　 a stove­heated curling iron(卷发棒)．This was very 　5　 as only one iron could be used at a time. In 1926，Joyner set out to make this 　6　 faster，easier and more efficient. She imagined that if a number of curling irons could be 　7　 above a woman's head，they could 　8　 at the same time to straighten her hair all at once. Joyner 　9　 her concept and completed her invention，which could be worn for a specific period of time， 　10　 hair that was either straight or curled. Beyond 　11　 ，the device enjoyed immediate success，and Joyner，as the first black woman， 　12　 received a patent for it in 1928.Joyner's 　13　 was not limited to Madam C．J.Walker's company but was extremely popular among white beauty salons. In 1945，along with educator Mary McLeod，Joyner co­founded the United Beauty School Owners and Teachers Association(UBSOTA)，and helped the black community by 　14　 money for black colleges. Joyner died on December 7，1997.She left behind her wisdom，creativity and 　15　 that served to motivate many generations. 1．A．differ B．suffer C．graduate D．recover 2．A．protected B．served C．trained D．employed 3．A．skin B．education C．hair D．job 4．A．make use of B．get hold of C．take place of D．have affection for 5．A．eye­catching B．time­consuming C．life­saving D．heart­stopping 6．A．process B．experiment C．phenomenon D．performance 7．A．checked B．allocated C．carved D．arranged 8．A．benefit B．work C．improve D．scan 9．A．developed B．doubted C．related D．advertised 10．A．winding up B．speeding up C．subscribing to D．resulting in 11．A．repair B．expectation C．control D．recognition 12．A．frequently B．politically C．skeptically D．eventually 13．A．assistance B．enquiry C．success D．assumption 14．A．exchanging B．handling C．transporting D．raising 15．A．selflessness B．prediction C．politeness D．appreciation 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Marjorie Stewart Joyner的个人经历。她发明的一款快速、容易和高效的烫头发的设备大受欢迎，为此还获得了专利。Joyner还通过为黑人大学筹款来帮助黑人社区。她的智慧、创造力和无私精神激励了几代人。 1．C　解析：根据后文“Later she worked for self­made millionaire Madame C．J.Walker's company”可知，Joyner在1916年毕业(graduate)，后来参加了工作。 2．B　解析：根据后文“many well­known black figures of the time”可知，这家公司为很多黑人名人服务(serve)。 3．C　解析：根据后文“In order to straighten their tightly­curled hair”可知，她们是在发型(hair)方面有麻烦。 4．A　解析：结合后文宾语“a stove­heated curling iron”可知，此处指利用(make use of)火炉加热的卷发棒来把头发拉直。 5．B　解析：根据后文“as only one iron could be used at a time”可知，拉直头发一次只能用一个卷发棒，因此这很耗时(time­consuming)。 6．A　解析：根据后文“faster，easier and more efficient”以及上文提到的当时拉直头发非常耗时可推测，Joyner开始着手使这一过程(process)变得更快、更简单、更高效。 7．D　解析：根据前后文语境“a number of curling irons could be 　7　 above a woman's head”可知，此处指把多个卷发棒放置(arrange)在一个女人的头上。 8．B　解析：句子主语they指代上文“a number of curling irons”，所以是指这些卷发棒同时工作(work)就可以把头发拉直。 9．A　解析：根据后文“her concept and completed her invention”可知，Joyner进一步发展(develop)了她之前的想法，完成了发明。 10．D　解析：根据后文“hair that was either straight or curled”可知，这个发明的效果就是最终形成直发或卷发。result in“导致”。 11．B　解析：结合上文可知，Joyner一开始只是想加速烫头发的效率，结果这款设备立即获得了成功，所以是出乎意料的。beyond expectation“出乎意料”。 12．D　解析：根据后文“received a patent for it in 1928”可知，Joyner最终(eventually)在1928年获得了这款设备的专利。 13．C　解析：根据后文“was not limited to Madam C．J.Walker's company but was extremely popular among white beauty salons”可知，Joyner的成功(success)不仅限于在自己工作的公司，甚至在白人美容院都受到了欢迎。上文中“the device enjoyed immediate success”也是提示。 14．D　解析：根据后文“money for black colleges”可知，表示“筹款”应用raise money。 15．A　解析：倒数第二段中提到Joyner和教育家一起为黑人大学筹款来帮助黑人社区，可推测她是一个无私奉献的人。 Ⅲ.语法填空 The Benefits of Learning by Involvement There is nothing like the pressure of the classroom to make you feel nervous and even hold you back. Learning by doing and by participating，is very effective. In fact，it 1.__________ (believe) that our athletic skills and language learning skills are located in 2.__________ same area of the brain and indeed this is how children learn. Living with a family makes the language familiar，literally 3.__________(bring) it home to you. To really appreciate and understand another language，you need 4.__________(understand) its culture，and the only way to do that is to put yourself in it. It will be an adventure，and no doubt there'll be some 5.__________(expect) elements. But it will 6.__________(certain) be memorable and you'll have plenty of tales to tell on your return. Your everyday life is lived in that language，7.__________ it is peeling the potatoes or feeding the cat. The exchange is natural and meaningful. It's a big difference from the grammar and structure in classroom 8.__________(textbook)．Every single interaction or conversation，from buying a bus ticket 9.__________ making new friends will be in this language. You give 10.__________(you) no choice but to learn it and by all means to learn it well! 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习语言的有效方式是参与或运用，并举例加以证明。 1．is believed　解析：考查固定句式和动词的时态。it is believed that ...是固定句式，意为“人们认为……”；根据上下文时态可知，此处应该用一般现在时。故填is believed。 2．the　解析：考查冠词。the same 是固定搭配，意为“同样的”。故填the。 3．bringing　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此空在句中作状语，与逻辑主语“Living with a family”之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词。故填bringing。 4．to understand　解析：考查非谓语动词。need to do sth.意为“需要做某事”。故填to understand。 5．unexpected　解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此空在句中作定语，修饰名词elements，所以用形容词；再根据上下文句意可知，此处指在学习语言的过程中，会遇到一些无法预料到的事情。故填unexpected。 6．certainly　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰谓语动词be，应该用副词。故填certainly。 7．whether　解析：考查固定搭配。whether ...or ...是固定搭配，意为“无论/是……还是……”，引导让步状语从句。故填whether。 8．textbooks　解析：考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知，此空作介词in的宾语，意为“在课堂上的教科书里”，textbook为可数名词，根据句意，此处应该用复数。故填textbooks。 9．to　解析：考查介词。from ...to ...为固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。故填to。 10．yourself　解析：考查代词。此处作give的宾语，根据句意可知，此处表示“你自己”。故填yourself。 Ⅳ.应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的笔友汤姆最近了解到中国的“新四大发明”，并对其中的移动支付非常感兴趣，他来信希望你能简单地向他介绍移动支付，并且谈谈你对移动支付的看法。请你用英语给他回信。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Dear Tom， ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Dear Tom， Learning that you are interested in China's “new four great inventions”，especially the mobile payment，I'm writing to briefly introduce it to you. With some mobile payment apps，you can transfer money from your bank account into the apps so that you are able to pay for things by using your phone. It is the widespread use of them that saves us from the trouble of taking cash. I'm very fond of mobile payment because I can buy things in a more convenient way. However，personal information could be revealed，so we need to use it cautiously. If you want to know more，feel free to ask! Looking forward to your reply! Yours， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$