课后提升练(13) Section Ⅲ GRAMMAR（Word练习）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

课后提升练(十三) Section Ⅲ　GRAMMAR [对应学生用书P181] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Barbara McClintock was one of the most important scientists of the twentieth century. She made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes (染色体)． Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford，Connecticut. Her family moved to the Brooklyn area of New York City in 1908.Barbara was an active child with interests in sports and music. She also developed an interest in science. She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca，New York. Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921.Years later，she noted that few college students wanted to study genetics. Barbara McClintock decided to study botany，the scientific study of plants，at Cornell University. She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923.McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell. She completed a master's degree in 1925.Two years later，she finished all her requirements for a doctorate degree. McClintock stayed at Cornell after she completed her education. She taught students botany. The 1930s were not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the great economic depression. Millions of Americans were unemployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand. An old friend from Cornell，Marcus Rhoades，invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941 working at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. It is a research center on Long Island，near New York City. McClintock started in a temporary job with the genetics department. A short time later，she accepted a permanent position with the laboratory. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid. By the 1970s，her discoveries had had an effect on everything from genetic engineering to cancer research. McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes. She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize. 1．When did McClintock receive a doctorate degree? A．In 1921.　　　 B．In 1923. C．In 1925. D．In 1927. 2．During the great economic depression in the US，________． A．young scientists had trouble finding a job B．female geneticists were not wanted at all C．male geneticists were in great demand D．male scientists were mostly out of job 3．Which of the following jobs may be most beneficial to McClintock's research? A．The job as a botany teacher. B．The temporary job in the genetics department. C．The permanent position in the laboratory. D．The job of cancer research. 4．Where is the text likely to appear? A．In a biography. B．In a history paper. C．In a newspaper. D．In a philosophy textbook. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了著名科学家Barbara McClintock的经历以及她在基因和染色体研究方面取得的成就。 1．D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“She completed a master's degree in 1925.Two years later，she finished all her requirements for a doctorate degree.”可知，她在1927年取得博士学位。 2．A　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The 1930s were not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States.”可知，在美国经济大萧条时期，年轻的科学家很难找到工作。 3．C　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“A short time later，she accepted a permanent position with the laboratory ... repeatedly ask for financial aid.”可知，在实验室的永久职位对McClintock的研究最有帮助。 4．A　解析：推理判断题。本文介绍了著名科学家McClintock的经历以及她在基因和染色体研究方面取得的重大成就，由此可知这可能出自关于她的一本传记。 B John B．Goodenough，an engineering professor from the University of Texas at Austin (UT­Austin)，won the 2019 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on developing lithium­ion batteries(锂电池)．He was the oldest person to win a Nobel Prize. Goodenough，who was born in 1922，identified and developed the key materials that can power portable electronics，leading to the wireless revolution. Today，batteries using Goodenough's inventions are used worldwide for mobile phones，power tools，laptops，tablets and other wireless devices，as well as electric vehicles. Goodenough received a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Yale University at 21 and a doctor's degree in physics from the University of Chicago when he was 30.He beat the odds against him，first overcoming dyslexia(阅读困难症) as a child，and then the claim of a teacher who told him in his 20s that he had started too late to be successful in physics. He began his career in 1952 at Lincoln Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)，where he laid the groundwork for the development of random­access memory(RAM) for the digital computer. After MIT，Goodenough became a professor and head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Oxford，where in 1979 he discovered it would be possible to store energy in rechargeable batteries through lithium cobalt oxide(锂钴氧化物)．That discovery helped develop the lithium­ion battery. Goodenough joined UT­Austin in 1986，where his groundbreaking work continued. At 98 years old，he still continued to push the boundaries of materials science. In spite of the lithium­ion battery being well­developed and available as a commercial product，it has its limitations. It can't be charged too fast or overcharged. Goodenough still wants to see some new developments.“I hope UT­Austin still keeps me employed，”Goodenough once joked. 5．When did Goodenough achieve a doctor's degree? A．In 1922.　　　　 B．In 1943. C．In 1952. D．In 1979. 6．Where did Goodenough lay the basis for RAM? A．At the University of Texas. B．At the University of Oxford. C．At the University of Chicago. D．At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 7．How can we describe Goodenough? A．Considerate. B．Determined. C．Generous. D．Modest. 8．Which of the following could be the best title? A．Time Waits for No Man B．Make the World “Goodenough” C．Born Poor，Achieved Great D．Never too Old to Learn 【语篇解读】本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了2019年诺贝尔化学奖得主——John B．Goodenough的经历以及他取得的成就。 5．C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Goodenough，who was born in 1922”以及第三段中的“Goodenough received ...a doctor's degree in physics from the University of Chicago when he was 30.”可知，Goodenough是在30岁时获得的博士学位，即1952年。 6．D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)，where he laid the groundwork for the development of random­access memory(RAM) for the digital computer”可知，Goodenough是在麻省理工学院的实验室奠定了RAM的基础。 7．B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He beat the odds against him，first overcoming dyslexia as a child ...he had started too late to be successful in physics.”以及最后一段中的“At 98 years old，he still continued to push the boundaries of materials science.”可知，Goodenough遇到过许多困难，但是他都克服了并且取得了成功。由此推断出，他是一个有决心的人。 8．B　解析：标题概括题。根据第一段可知，文章以Goodenough获得诺贝尔奖为切入点，介绍了Goodenough如何研发了与日常生活息息相关的锂电池，并且为全世界人民带来了便利。故B项“Make the world ‘Goodenough’”一语双关，能很好地概括全文。 Ⅱ.七选五阅读 No matter how much we try to be smart，life has its own ways of teaching us the valuable lessons. 1.______Here are some of the life lessons that all of us learn the hard way. Lying is harmful. Everyone，at some point in life，must have certainly realized that lying is a very dangerous thing for our mind，which finally affects our health，too. 2.______ And also he would lose the trust of others. Sometimes，moving on is the only choice. 3.______ But sometimes，circumstances and situations align(一致) in such a way that it is better to leave something and move ahead. At times，it is better to move on with the memories，rather than stay there and live in a blank space with no possible future. 4．______ It is rightly said that to err(犯错误) is human. We all are humans and nobody knows everything. So it is fine to accept the things that went wrong，and try to avoid repeating them or doing wrong intentionally(故意地)． Happiness is the key to everything. 5.______ Things cannot bring happiness，but happiness can bring many things in life. And the most important person who should be happy with you is yourself. If you do not feel cheerful from the inside，you certainly cannot make others happy. A．It is natural to make mistakes. B．Sales are not always profitable. C．It makes a man lose confidence and trust in himself. D．Nothing in the world would make sense if you are depressed. E．It is always good to be considerate about one's views about things. F．Though at first we are hurt，we eventually learn from the experiences. G．Some things are dear to us，and we cannot imagine life without them. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。无论我们怎样努力变得聪明，生活总会以其独特的方式教给我们一些重要的人生经验。 1．F　解析：上文提到生活以其独特的方式教给我们许多人生经验。F项“尽管起初我们会受伤，但我们从中会学到许多东西”承接上文。且F项中的“at first we are hurt”与本空后的“learn the hard way”呼应。 2．C　解析：C项中的It指代lying，本空与下句都在陈述说谎的坏处：说谎会使人失去对自己的信心，也会使自己和他人不再信任自己。 3．G　解析：由空后But可知，前后句意是转折关系。根据下文“leave something and move ahead”可知，空处指有些事对我们非常重要，我们离不开它们。G项中的“Some things”与下文的“something”呼应。 4．A　解析：本空为本段的主旨句。根据空后一句“It is rightly said that to err is human.”可知，犯错误是人之常情。A项与“to err is human”含义相同。 5．D　解析：本空承上启下，指出幸福是万事万物的核心。D项“如果你心中不快乐，一切都会变得没有意义”符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Russell is a scientist who first saw the dangers of X­rays for pregnant women. She was born 1.__________ a Jewish family. Her family fled Austria when she was 14，moving to London before 2.__________(arrive) in New York. Russell studied 3.__________(chemical) at Hunter College，then attended a summer program in Maine，4.__________ she met her future husband，who 5.__________ (persuade) her to pursue a Ph. D in zoology. They both went to work at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1949.Scientists had just started to understand the danger of being 6.__________ (expose) to radiation，and Russell began studying 7.__________ role of radiation in abnormal shapes. The “mouse house” built by Russell and her husband，William，is a laboratory with 200，000 mice. Their tests showed that embryos are most 8.__________(easy) affected by radiation near the start of pregnancy.“I was very fortunate in being given 9.__________(opportunity) to pursue my own ideas，” Russell said in 2013，“but this is，sadly not the case for many young women hoping for 10.__________(science) careers and ending up in supporting roles.” 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了发现X光对孕妇有危害的科学家Russell的个人经历。 1．in　解析：考查介词。结合句意可知，表示“出生在”应用短语be born in。 2．arriving　解析：考查非谓语动词。arrive作介词before的宾语，应用动词­ing形式。 3．chemistry　解析：考查名词。空处作宾语，表示“化学”应用名词chemistry，这里表示化学这门学科，是不可数名词。 4．where　解析：考查定语从句的关系词。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a summer program，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。 5．persuaded　解析：考查动词的时态。根据上文“she met her future husband”可知，描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。 6．exposed　解析：考查固定短语。结合句意可知，表示“暴露于……”应用短语be exposed to。 7．the　解析：考查冠词。role在此处为特指，表示“辐射对畸形的影响”，应用定冠词the。 8．easily　解析：考查副词。修饰动词affect应用副词easily，作状语。 9．opportunities　解析：考查名词的数。opportunity为可数名词，其前无修饰词，应用复数形式。短语be given opportunities to do sth.表示“有机会做某事”。 10．scientific　解析：考查形容词。修饰后文名词careers应用形容词scientific，作定语。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$