2024年一轮复习中职英语语法专项知识导学案:名词性从句
语法专项知识清单:名词性从句
一、概念与分类
在复合句中具有名词作用,并做主语,表语,宾语和同位语的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses )。分为_______从句、_______从句、_______从句、_______从句。
注意的问题:
- 引导词
从属连词:that / whether /if / as if (though) ...
连接代词:who / what / which / who / whose/whoever...
连接副词:when / where / why / how/whenever...
- 语序(陈述语序)
- 特殊情况(时态、语气等)
二、主语从句
在复合句中做主语的从句叫主语从句。
Eg.①That the earth is round is known to all.
② Whether they will go to Beijing hasn’t been decided.
(一)引导词和语序
1、从句为陈述句,用that引导, 位于句首引导主语从句,不承担句子成分,无实义,但不可省略。
Eg.,Miss White will come to the party.
→_________________________________ has excited all of us.怀特老师会来参加派对,这让我们都很兴奋。
2.从句为一般疑问句,用whether/ if。Whether 引导主语从句可句首、可句中,不承担句子成分,作“是否”义,不可省略,后可接or not。if 作“是否”义,引导主语从句,不可位于句首,后不可接or not.
Eg.Will Miss White come to the party?
→_________________________________ isn’t clear.
=It isn’t clear whether/ if Miss White will come to the party. (句中可用if表“是否”)
注意:从句中要用陈述语序。
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3.从句为特殊疑问句,引导词:连接代词/副词,语序:陈述语序。
Eg.① _________ comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。
②________ this happened is not clear to anyone. 这件事如何发生的没人清楚。
(二)注意的问题
1.主谓一致: 单个从句作主语,主句谓语动词用三单
①That we find enough water___(be) very important at present.
②When they are leaving for Beijing _____(have) not been decided.
特殊情况:
what引导的主语从句,且what在从句中做宾语时,主句谓语由主句后面的表语/宾语决定。
①What he needs_______time.(be)
②What he needs _______books.(be)
2.it作形式主语句型:that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,that引导真正的主语从句后置
(1) It is + adj. + that 从句(necessary必要的/certain明确的/important重要的 /clear清晰的/unlikely不可能的/possible可能的 ……)
eg.It is certain that she will do well in the exam.他一定会考好。
(2)It is + 名词. + that 从句(a pity 遗憾/a shame 遗憾/good news 好消息/a fact 事实 /no wonder 难怪/ no surprise不奇怪)
eg.It is a pity that you didn't attend the lecture yesterday.你昨天没参加讲座真是遗憾。
(3)It is + 过去分词. + that 从句(said 据说/ ordered 根据命令/advised ,suggested建议/thought 认为 /well-known 很著名)
It is generally considered that boys are better at science than girls.人们普遍认为男孩比女孩更擅长理科。
注意:"It +be+ suggested/advised/ordered/requested/ demanded/insisted+that从句”结构中,that从句中谓语应用“should +动词原形”,should可省略。
Eg.It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English.建议你花更多的时间学习英语。
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(4) It + 谓语动词 (+宾语或状语)+ that 从句(happen碰巧/ occur 出现,产生/ turn out 结果是)
Eg.It happened that I was away when he called.他打电话时,我正好不在家。
三、表语从句
在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。常用系动词be, look, seem,sound,appear
(一)引导词和语序
引导词:基本与主语从句相同,但if 一般不引导表语从句,可以用as if
语序:陈述语序
① The trouble is that I have lost his address.
②It looked as if it was going to rain.
(二)注意的问题
1.当主语是the reason时,表语从句引导词不用because,要用that
He is so fat ,because he eats too much. (状语从句)
The reason is _____ he eats too much.
The reason _____ he is so fat is ______ he eats too much.(定语从句+表语从句)
2.虚拟语气:一些表建议、要求、命令的名词做主语时,表语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气:(should)+动原(advice, suggestion,proposal, recommendation/request, requirement ,demand /order,command )
eg. My suggestion is that you (should) start in the morning.
四、同位语从句
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。
常常用于同位语从句的名词有:news消息,report报道,fact事实,idea主意,doubt怀疑 ,belief信念,explanation解释,warning警告,promise诺言 ,advice建议,suggestion建议,order命令,wish愿望,hope希望,problem问题,thought想法……
(一)引导词和语序
引导词:基本与主语从句相同,但if 一般不引导同位语从句
语序:陈述语序
I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回来。
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