Unit 6 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding（Word教参）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas—Comprehension [对应学生用书P147] 1．unexceptional adj.平常的→exception n．例外→exceptional adj.不寻常的；罕见的；杰出的；优秀的 2．tragically adv.悲惨地，不幸地→tragical adj.悲惨的，不幸的 3．instantaneously adv.瞬间地→instantaneous adj.瞬间的 4．suspend v．暂停，中止→suspended adj.暂停的 5．simulated adj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的→simulate v．模拟，模仿；假装→simulator n．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器 1．踏上；登上set_foot_on 2．习惯于(做)某事become_accustomed_to 3．吓得要命；非常紧张one's_heart_in_one's_mouth 4．(飞机)起飞；开始成功take_off 5．收听，收看(节目)tune_in 6．传达激动之情communicate_a_sense_of_excitement 7．重新唤起对……的兴趣rekindle_interest_in_... 8．给……蒙上阴影cast_a_shadow_on 9．激励某人做某事inspire_sb._to_do_sth. 10．召唤call_to 1．句型公式：(ever) since引导时间状语从句 教材原句：Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969，people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel. 翻译：自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登上月球以来，人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念。 2．句型公式：There is never any doubt that ...毫无疑问…… 教材原句：But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue ... 翻译：但是毫无疑问，载人飞行不会就此停止…… [对应学生用书P147] The Call of the Challenger ❶Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969，people have become accustomed to① the notion② of space travel.Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets，❷their hearts in their mouths，aware of how arduous and hazardous③ an undertaking it was，and of the many things ❸that could gowrong．With Armstrong's now famous words “That's onesmall step for man，one giant④leap for mankind”，❹what had once been considered impossible had now been achieved.❺Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today's average school students，all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission ❻made it safely back to Earth． Following the Moon landings，space travel rapidly became unexceptional⑤ to the public，as innovations succeeded each other.By the early 1980s，the great rockets previously⑥❼used in the American space programme had been replaced by the space shuttle⑦.❽When the Challenger space shuttle took off⑧ on 28 January 1986，the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.But this was going to be no ordinary excursion⑨，and millions of⑩ people tuned in to witness the take­off on TV.It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37，an ordinary teacher and mother，was about to become the first civilian in space.She planned to give two 15­minute lessons from orbit: the first to demonstrate⑪ the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked，and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme.Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement⑫ and rekindle⑬ interest in the space programme.❾With the eyes of students across the nation upon her，she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists. Tragically⑭，she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida，and all seven astronauts on board were killed.The world went into shock，most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane．How wrong they had been! Instantaneously⑮，excitement and optimism turned into⑯ terror and failure.It was the most disastrous space accident ever，and it cast a shadow⑰ on people's hearts. “I can remember that day so clearly，watching the take­off on TV at school，” said one student.“There was an ordinary teacher on the Challenger，and we were all very excited.We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch．We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle．Then，little more than a minute after take­off，we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky，followed by a cloud of white smoke.The Challenger had exploded in mid­air and we all started screaming⑱.” Following the shock of the Challenger disaster，space shuttle flights were suspended⑲ for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated，and some of the shuttle's components were redesigned⑳.But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue，and on 29 September 1988，the space shuttle programme resumed㉑ with the successful launch of Discovery. It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew㉒ were cut tragically short，they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration，such as Gagarin，Tereshkova，Armstrong and Yang Liwei.The memory of those seven will live forever，written in the stars，inspiring us to join them in humanity's greatest journey of exploration and discovery.The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us，reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars，no matter how distant they might seem． [参考译文] “挑战者”号的呼唤 自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登上月球以来，人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念。数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了人类首次登月，为此激动得心都提到了嗓子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务，许多地方都可能出错。伴随着阿姆斯特朗的那句名言——“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步”，曾被认为是不可能的事情如今已经实现了。执行“阿波罗11号”任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机的指导下都安全返回地球，这台计算机远不如当今普通学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大。 登月后，随着新事物接连出现，太空航行迅速成为公众眼中的寻常之事。20世纪80年代早期，美国太空计划中先前使用的大型火箭已被航天飞机所代替。当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，对于宇航员所获得的令人惊叹的成就，全世界似乎已经不再惊讶。然而这将不是一次普通的航行，数百万人打开电视，共同见证这次发射。这次航行的特殊之处在于一位37岁名为克丽斯塔·麦考利夫的普通教师兼母亲将会成为第一位进入太空的普通公民。她计划在“挑战者”号沿轨道运行时讲两节课，每节15分钟。第一节课要展示航天器的操控装置，以及解释引力是如何发挥作用的；第二节课要讲述“挑战者”号太空计划的目的。克丽斯塔希望借此传达她的激动之情，重新燃起人们对太空计划的兴趣。当全国学生的目光都聚集在她身上时，她或许能激发他们成为新一代宇航员和太空科学家的理想。 令人悲痛的是，她再也没能回到她的课堂。航天飞机在佛罗里达州发射仅一分多钟后就发生了爆炸，机上七名宇航员全部牺牲。全世界都震惊了！大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更加危险，但是所有人都大错特错了！激动和乐观瞬间化为恐惧和挫败，这是有史以来最具灾难性的航天事故，给人们的内心蒙上了阴影。 一个学生回忆道：“我非常清楚地记得那天，我在学校通过电视观看发射场景。有位普通教师在‘挑战者’号上，我们都非常激动，迫不及待地等着发射。我们看到宇航员笑容满面，向世界挥手致意，步入航天飞机。然后，发射仅仅一分多钟后，我们就看到空中奇异的红色和橙色的光芒，紧接着是一大团白烟。‘挑战者’号在半空中爆炸了，我们都开始尖叫。” “挑战者”号令人震惊的灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近三年时间，同时调查事故原因，重新设计飞行器的部分零件。但是毫无疑问，载人飞行不会就此停止。1988年9月29日，随着“发现”号的成功发射，航天飞机项目重新启动。 “挑战者”号失事至今已有30多年了。虽然“挑战者”号的机组人员英年早逝，但他们与加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗和杨利伟等进行太空探索的英雄们一道，都在历史上占有一席之地。他们七位的事迹将永存于世，书写在漫天星辰中，激励我们加入他们，共同致力于人类最伟大的探索发现之旅。“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。 [难词注解] ①become accustomed to习惯于(做)某事 ②notion n．概念；观点；看法 ③hazardous adj.危险的，不安全的 ④giant n．巨人 adj.巨大的，伟大的 ⑤unexceptional adj.平常的 ⑥previously adv.以前，先前 previous adj.以前的，先前的 precious adj.宝贵的，珍贵的 ⑦shuttle n．航天飞机 the space shuttle航天飞机 ⑧take off 起飞；脱下；离开；突然成功 ⑨excursion n．(有特定目的的)短途出行 ⑩millions of 数百万…… ⑪demonstrate v．证明；证实；演示 ⑫excitement n．令人激动(或兴奋)的事，兴奋 to one's excitement 令某人兴奋的是 ⑬rekindle v．重新激起，重新唤起 ⑭tragically adv.悲惨地，不幸地 ⑮instantaneously adv.瞬间地 ⑯turn into变成；成为 ⑰shadow n．坏影响，阴影 cast a shadow on给……蒙上阴影 ⑱scream v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫 ⑲suspend v．暂停，中止 ⑳redesign v．重新设计 ㉑resume v．恢复(职位)；(中断后)继续；重新开始 ㉒crew n．(飞机上的)全体机组人员 [难句分析] ❶句中Ever since引导时间状语从句，意为“自从……以来”。 ❷为独立主格结构。 ❸that引导定语从句，修饰先行词things。 ❹what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语。 ❺为过去分词短语作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a computer。 ❻“make it＋宾语补足语”结构，其中it为形式宾语。 ❼过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词great rockets。 ❽When引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。 ❾含有“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”复合结构。 整体为独立主格结构，其中含有that引导的宾语从句。 为现在分词短语作状语。 为现在分词短语作状语。 waving to the world为现在分词短语作定语，修饰astronauts；as引导时间状语从句。 there was never any doubt that ...＝ there is no doubt that ...，意为“毫无疑问……”。 为现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随，其中又含有that引导的宾语从句。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [文章架构] [主旨匹配] (　C　)Para.1 (　A　)Para.2 (　D　)Para.3 (　B　)Para.4 (　E　)Para.5 (　F　)Para.6 A.The take­off of the Challenger space shuttle. B.The explosion of the Challenger from a student's eye. C.The description of Armstrong's landing on the Moon. D.The space accident cast a shadow on people's hearts. E.The space shuttle programme went on with the launch of Discovery. F.The astronauts' heroic deeds inspire us to continue the space exploration. [细节探究] 1．What's the main idea of the passage？(　B　) A．Men's first landing on the moon. B．The tragedy of the Challenger. C．A brave teacher. D．Men's first space exploration. 2．When was the Challenger space shuttle sent into space？(　D　) A．On 20th July 1969. B．On 28th July 1986. C．On 29th September 1988. D．On 28th January 1986. 3．Why did so many people tune in to witness the take­off of the Challenger？(　C　) A．The government spent a large amount of money on the programme. B．It would land on the moon again. C．A teacher would give her lessons from orbit. D．It was guided by the most advanced computer. 4．What was people's attitude towards space programme when the Challenger space shuttle took off？(　B　) A．Arduous. B．Fairly safe. C．Hazardous. D．Rather dangerous. On 20 July 1969，as Neil Armstrong set foot 1.on the Moon，millions watched with their hearts in their 2.mouths(mouth).In spite of the difficult technical conditions，all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission 3.returned (return) to the earth safe and sound. 4．Following(follow) the Moon landings，people became 5.accustomed(accustom) to the notion of space travel.The world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.Christa McAuliffe，an ordinary teacher，was about to become the first civilian in space.6.Unluckily(unlucky)，a minute after the shuttle took 7.off，it exploded，killing all seven astronauts on board. The tragedy cast a shadow on people's hearts.Space shuttle flights 8.were_suspended(suspend) for nearly three years following the disaster.Meanwhile，scientists made some 9.improvements(improve)，and on 29 September 1988，Discovery was launched successfully. Over 30 years have passed since the loss of Challenger，and the heroic deeds of the astronauts inspire us to go on with the 10.greatest(great) journey of exploration and discovery. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$