课后提升练（16）SectionⅠ&ⅡStarting out & Understanding ideas（Word练习）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

课后提升练(十六) Section Ⅰ & Ⅱ　Starting out & Understanding ideas [对应学生用书P220] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Since Michael moved to our city，he has lived an unexceptional(寻常的) life. 2．The pain was often so bad that she wanted to scream(尖叫)，but she endured it eventually. 3．The daily flight to the city has been suspended(暂停) because of the storm. 4．The captain cares about the safety of both the crew(全体工作人员) and the passengers. 5．The starting point for the excursion(短途旅行) is the post office. 6．He blew hard on the ashes to rekindle(重新激起) the fire. 7．There are dark shadows(阴影) under and around his eyes，which makes him look tired. 8．It took him about a month to accustom(使习惯) himself to the senior high life. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The panda has long become accustomed(accustom) to the huge crowds of visitors. 2．The ancient people who were successful，not only had exceptional(exception) talent but also had unflinching will. 3．The minister warned that any civil servant not at his desk faced immediate suspension(suspend). 4．Airbags inflate(膨胀) instantaneously(instantaneous) on impact(撞击) to form a cushion between the driver and the steering wheel. 5．The architect insists on all her employees coming to the Christmas lunch she gives every year. 6．With the sunlight glaring(glare)，the children were attaining so much fun. 7．He claims deliberately that he has evidence which could prove his innocence(innocent). 8．He took his kite and ran off，leaving me to_inspect(inspect) the damage. 9．If I can be of service，I am at your disposal(dispose). 10．The plumbing was finally shut down by these state safety inspectors(inspect). Ⅲ.完成句子 1．毫无疑问，没有人生来就是赢家。人们通过自己的努力使自己成为赢家。 There_is_no_doubt_that no one is born a winner.People make themselves winners by their own efforts. 2．自从我们在学校认识之后，我们就一直是好朋友。 We've been good friends ever_since_we_met at school. 3．随着神舟五号飞船进入太空，中国已成为世界上第三个拥有载人飞船的国家。 With the Shenzhou V spacecraft going into space，China has become the_third_country_to_have_manned_spacecraft in the world. 4．高高的钟楼在草地上投下长长的影子。 The high bell tower cast_a_long_shadow_on the grass. 5．在太空生活可能很困难。被送入太空的宇航员面临过许多危险，有些人甚至失去了生命。 Living in space can be very difficult.Astronauts who were sent into space were_faced_with_many_dangers and some even lost their lives. Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2022·江苏南通高三期末)SpaceX, Elon musk's rocket company, launched the newly designed Crew Dragon capsule carrying four astronauts to space on Nov. 16. The spacecraft successfully docked(对接) with the International Space Station(ISS) on Nov. 17. This is the first time that NASA has sent a crew into orbit entirely via a privately­owned spacecraft. “It's the start of a new era in which routine astronaut journeys to low­Earth orbit are being conducted by commercial providers，” NASA said. NASA's commercial manned program has taken a lot of risks. Whether the funding is sufficient in the long term and whether the companies have the capabilities to solve all the technical difficulties have been repeatedly questioned by the US Congress. Before the launch, NASA had cooperated with SpaceX for more than a decade to build a manned spacecraft. Back in 2014, NASA was facing a vital decision—choosing the finalists to complete the task of developing alternative space shuttles. Eventually, it came down to Boeing and SpaceX. There was fierce competition between the two companies to complete the mission. In December 2019, Boeing's manned spaceship, CST­100 Starliner, conducted a test flight, but due to multiple errors, the flight failed to reach the ISS. The recent launch of the Dragon capsule wasn't flawless, either. An air leak caused an unexpected drop in capsule pressure less than two hours before launch, a NASA official said. Thanks to the technicians, the launch wasn't affected. In the coming year, US actor Tom Cruise will start a commercial space journey on the Dragon capsule to film a movie at the ISS. At the same time, Boeing is catching up. The company will conduct another unmanned flight in 2021, and its first manned mission will take place sometime in 2022. “ It very much follows the aviation(航空) era where airliners used to be government­run, and now of course they've been commercial for a number of decades，” said one of the Dragon capsule crew members. 1．What is the significance of the successful launch of Crew Dragon capsule? A．It carried four astronauts into the space. B.It successfully docked with the International Space Station. C．It sent ordinary people to space for the first time. D．It marks the beginning of spaceflights being conducted by commercial providers. 2．What's the main factor contributing to the successful launch of Crew Dragon capsule? A．SpaceX's long­term cooperation with NASA. B．Boeing's failure in the test flight due to multiple errors. C．SpaceX's having sufficient funding. D.All the technical difficulties being timely fixed. 3．What does the underlined “it” refer to in Paragraph 5? A.Crew Dragon capsule launched by SpaceX. B．Commercial space exploration. C．The competition between Boeing and SpaceX. D．Commercial airliners. 4．Which one can be the best title for this passage? A．Manned Spaceflight Was Launched B．Spaceflights Go Commercial C．NASA Faces Lots of Risks D．SpaceX Leads the Way in Spaceflights [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国航天局的首次私人商业航天飞船成功载人上天，这是一个开端，开启了商业航天的新时代。 1．D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，龙飞船太空舱的成功发射标志着商业供应商开始进行太空飞行。故选D项。 2．D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，最近发射的龙飞船太空舱也不是完美无缺的。一位美国宇航局官员说，在发射前不到两小时，一次空气泄漏导致太空舱压力意外下降。多亏了技术人员，发射没有受到影响。成功发射龙飞船太空舱的主要因素是所有的技术难题都得到了及时的解决。故选D项。 3．B　解析：代词指代题。根据第五段第一句可知，明年，美国演员汤姆·克鲁斯将乘坐龙飞船太空舱在国际空间站开始商业太空旅行，并拍摄一部电影。与此同时，波音正在迎头赶上。下划线的代词it指的是“商业太空探索”。故选B项。 4．B　解析：标题概括题。根据第二段第一句可知，这是美国宇航局首次完全通过私人航天器将宇航员送入轨道。美国国家航空航天局表示：“这是一个新时代的开始，在这个时代里，宇航员到近地轨道的例行旅行将由商业供应商进行。”本文主要讲述了美国航天局的首次私人商业航天飞船成功载人上天，这是一个开端，开启了商业航天的新时代，因此本文的最佳标题选项B“航天商业化”符合题意。故选B项。 Ⅱ.七选五阅读 The second experiment on how to grow crops on Mars and Moon soil simulants has given a surprising outcome.As a result of what the researchers of Wageningen University in the Netherlands learned from their first experiment，they were able to grow ten different crops.1.______ The goal of the experiment is to provide the basis for growing crops on Mars and the Moon，in order to feed the first settlers. 2．______ Professor Wamelink says，“We used trays instead of small pots and added organic material (fresh cut grass) to Mars and Moon soil simulants.This solved the problem we had in watering in the first experiment and also added fertilizer to the soils.”3.______ In the next round they flourished，and the researchers could harvest from some species. Although the Wageningen researchers harvested several non­poisonous crops，they did not eat them.Wamelink says，“4.______ If heavy metals find their way into the crops，they make them poisonous.Further research on this is necessary.The experiment should start in April 2021 with the growth of new crops including potatoes and beans.” The soil experiment began in April 2018. Final harvest took place in October 2019.5.______ “This is because we expect that first crop growth on Mars and the Moon will take place in underground rooms to protect the plants from the bad environment，” states Wamelink. The Wageningen researchers use Mars and Moon soil simulants provided by NASA.The Mars soil simulant comes from a volcano in Hawaii and the Moon soil simulant from an Arizonian desert. A．The soils contain heavy metals. B．The crops could feed the first settlers. C．In the first Moon soil experiment most plants died. D.Tomatoes，peas，turnips，and cabbages have been harvested. E.A few improvements have been made since the first experiment. F.The researchers studied in the experiment whether potatoes and beans could grow. G．Plants were grown in a glass house under certain temperature and light conditions and under the earth's atmosphere. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究者在火星和月球模拟土壤中种植农作物的实验情况。 1．D　解析：根据上一句可以看出，研究者在实验中种植了10种不同的农作物，而由选项D中的Tomatoes、peas、turnips、cabbages这些农作物种类可以判断该项符合上下文逻辑。 2．E　解析：该空位于段落的开头，是该段的主题句。该段讲述了实验取得的一些进展，因此可以判断E项为正确答案。E项中的A few improvements是总括，符合段意。 3．C　解析：由后文的“In the next round they flourished”可以判断C项符合语境。C项中的“In the first”与空后的“In the next round”对应。 4．A 　解析：Wamelink教授在此处叙述了研究者没有吃这些农作物的原因。而A项正是原因，即土壤中含有重金属。A项中的heavy metals与空后的heavy metals对应。 5．G　解析：G项讲了这些农作物的种植条件，后文Wamelink教授给出了这些条件的原因，G项符合上下文的逻辑关系。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$