课后提升练（13）SectionⅠ&ⅡStarting out & Understanding ideas（Word练习）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

课后提升练(十三) Section Ⅰ & Ⅱ　Starting out & Understanding ideas [对应学生用书P211] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The arrival of canals(运河) was of great value to many industries. 2．Much to our disappointment，the terrible earthquake left the whole city in ruins(废墟) in a short time. 3．The case was dismissed(拒绝) in the absence of any definite proof. 4．The cables are buried(掩埋) one metre below ground level. 5．Landing on Mars may inspire more people to learn about science and astronomy(天文学). 6．Future expansion(扩大) of the business calls for two new factories. 7．They had to abandon(舍弃) their lands to the invading forces. 8．This opera is one of the cultural totems of Western civilisation(文明). Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body. 2．The company has abandoned plans for further expansion(expand). 3．They should abandon playing(play) computer games.If so，they will make great progress in their study. 4．Hunger and drought led to the collapse of Maya civilisation(civilise) a millennium ago. 5．I was looking for my handbag，which was_buried(bury) under a pile of old newspapers. 6．The houses on the seaward side of the road were all in ruins. 7．Given(give) a lot of money，he lived a better life. 8．He got up late，leaving the breakfast unfinished(finish). Ⅲ.完成句子 1．根据大量证据，科学家们得出结论，这个奥秘背后的科学并不复杂。 Based_on_a_large_amount_of_evidence，scientists conclude that the science behind the mystery is not complicated. 2．不论情况如何，父母应该知道做什么才能达到最佳效果。 Whatever_the_circumstances，parents are supposed to know what to do for the best. 3．由于埋头于功课，他对外面的事情一无所知。 Burying_himself_in_his_lessons，he knew nothing about the outside world. 4．她的儿子已经放弃了玩电脑游戏，这个事实让她感到很欣慰。 The_fact_that_her_son_has_abandoned_playing_computer_games makes her feel comforted. 5．吉姆说，只要我们保持房子干净整洁，我们就能待在他的房子里。 Jim says we can stay in his house as long as we leave_it_clean_and_tidy． Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2022·浙江绍兴期末)We live in a time when robots entertain，teach and surprise us.Just as smartphones and social media offer a connectivity beyond anything we imagined，robots are beginning to offer physical capabilities and artificial intelligence(AI) beyond our expectations.Together，these technologies could be used to help solve important challenges like ageing societies，environmental threats and global conflicts. But many of us wonder whether AI will become so intelligent in human communication that the boundaries between human and artificial beings will blur.If it is possible to build a meaningful interaction with an artificial agent，will there still be a division in the relationships we have with people and technology? Also，once our human bodies and minds are enhanced with AI and robotics，what will it mean to be “human”？ From an engineering perspective，these advanced capabilities are still very far away.A number of hurdles need to be overcome.For now，robots and computers are completely dependent on a power source—they require a lot of electricity，and this complicates integrating robotic elements with human organic tissue.Another hurdle is the complexity of human communication.While a one­off natural language conversation in a specific context with a robot can feel realistic，engaging people verbally and non­verbally over many contexts is quite another matter. For example，when you call an artificial lost­and­found agent at an airport，a pleasant conversation is possible because there are only a limited number of goals the caller has.However，in creating a more extended relationship，for example，with a robotic pet，the robot needs to have internal goals，an extensive memory that relates experiences to various contexts，and it needs to develop these capabilities over time. Through smart “tricks”，a robot can seem more intelligent and capable than it is.Humans have the tendency to “make sense” of the robot's behaviors in a human way.However，in order to sustain a meaningful relationship which deepens and evolves over time，an extensive artificial inner life will need to be created. 1．What is the message conveyed in Paragraph 2? A.AI technology is undergoing unexpected reforms. B.Humans can't build a meaningful interaction with robots. C．People doubt whether artificial beings can replace humans. D．Social problems may be solved with the development of AI. 2．What can be inferred about AI from Paragraphs 34? A.Gaps exist between technology and advanced AI capabilities. B．It is impossible to make a realistic conversation with a robot. C.Robot pets have a memory linked to previous experiences. D．Future robots can operate without electricity. 3．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.Robot's Behaviors Are Worthy of Being Understood B．Various Factors Restrict Expansion of AI Capabilities C.High Technologies Facilitate the Man­Machine Interaction D．Artificial Inner Life Needs Extending for Sustainable Human­Robot Relations 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了机器人开始提供超出我们预期的物理能力和人工智能，但是人工智能能否取代人类仍然存在疑问。文章说明了其中存在的障碍，指出需要扩展人为的内在生命以维持人机关系。 1．C　解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段(但我们很多人都想知道，人工智能是否会在与人交流时变得如此智能，以至于人与人工生命之间的界限变得模糊。如果有可能与人工代理建立有意义的互动，那么我们与人和技术的关系还会有分歧吗？此外，一旦我们的身体和大脑被人工智能和机器人技术增强，“人类”将意味着什么？)可知，第二段所传达的信息是人们怀疑人工生命是否能取代人类。 2．A　解析：推理判断题。第三段提到，还有许多障碍需要克服。目前，机器人和计算机完全依赖于电源——它们需要大量的电力，这使得机器人与人体有机组织的集成变得复杂。另一个障碍是人类交流的复杂性。与机器人在特定环境下进行一次性的自然语言对话可能会让人感到真实，但让人们在多种环境下进行口头或非口头交流则是另一回事。结合第四段内容(然而，在创造一种更广泛的关系时，例如，与一个机器人宠物交流时，机器人需要有内部目标，一个广泛的记忆，将经验联系到各种环境，它需要随着时间的推移发展这些能力。)可推知，技术和先进的人工智能能力之间存在差距。 3．D　解析：标题概括题。文章主要说明了机器人开始提供超出我们预期的物理能力和人工智能，但是人工智能能否取代人类仍然存在疑问。文章说明了其中存在的障碍，指出需要扩展人为的内在生命以维持人机关系。可知，D选项“需要扩展人为的内在生命以维持人机关系”最适合作文章标题。 Ⅱ.语法填空 (2022·河北邢台高二下期末)Dolphins are social and 1.__________(intelligence) animals.Like the way humans maintain relationships by hugging or giving a handshake，dolphins breathe together at the same time when they come up from the water for air.This kind of act 2.__________(be) of great importance for creating social connections.But sharing the same air and area also spreads a contagious(传染性的) and deadly disease among dolphins. Janet Mann researches dolphins at Georgetown University.She and other 3.__________(scientist) are trying to understand the virus.They 4.__________(discover) it in the water off the American states of Virginia and Maryland some years ago.It is now spreading to other Atlantic Coast dolphins.There was an outbreak of the virus from 2013 to 2015 in 5.__________ almost 20，000 dolphins died.The number of dolphins 6.__________(wash) up on the coast from Florida to New York was about 2，000.Mann explains that the dolphin virus is in the lungs，much like how the COVID virus spreads in humans.When dolphins breathe together at the surface，they share respiratory droplets(飞沫). Jacob Negrey who is 7.__________ animal virus researcher from the Wake Forest School of Medicine understands the spread of the dolphin virus by 8.__________(follow) dolphin social activities.He studies not only the biology of the virus，but also how weakened dolphin populations act together.Since dolphins are very playful animals，they often swim so close that they touch fins，much 9.__________ humans holding hands.They 10.__________(frequent) swim in large groups. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。海豚是聪明的群居性动物，就像人类通过拥抱或握手来保持关系一样，海豚到水面上来换气时也会同时呼吸，但共享相同的空气和区域也会在海豚中传播一种传染性且致命的疾病，科学家们正在为减少这种病毒对于海豚的危害而努力。 1．intelligent　解析：考查形容词。句意：海豚是聪明的群居性动物。结合句意及空前的“social and”及空后的“animals”可知应填形容词形式，作定语修饰animals。 2．is　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：这种行为对于建立社会联系非常重要。分析句子结构可知应填谓语动词，句子主语为This kind of act，为单数形式，所以谓语动词应用单数，结合上下文此处表示客观陈述，应用一般现在时。 3．scientists　解析：考查名词的数。句意：她和其他科学家正在试图了解这种病毒。scientist为可数名词，再根据空前的形容词other“其他的”，可知应填名词的复数形式。 4．discovered　解析：考查动词的时态。句意：几年前，他们在美国弗吉尼亚州和马里兰州附近的水域中发现了它。分析句子结构可知应填谓语动词，依据“some years ago”可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。 5．which　解析：考查定语从句的关系词。句意：2013年至2015年，该病毒暴发，在这场病毒中近2万只海豚死亡。分析句子结构及句意可知应填关系代词，构成“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词virus，virus为物，所以应填关系代词which。 6．washed　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛罗里达到纽约，被冲上海岸的海豚大约有2 000只。分析句子结构可知was为句子的系动词，所以空处应填非谓语动词的形式，dolphin与wash 之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。 7．an　解析：考查冠词。句意：雅各布·内格雷是威克森林医学院的一名动物病毒研究员，他通过跟踪海豚的社会活动来了解海豚病毒的传播。空后的animal发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。 8．following　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。分析句子结构可知understands为句子的谓语动词，所以空处应填非谓语动词的形式，结合句意及空前的介词by可知应填动名词形式作宾语，by doing“通过某种方式”，在句中作方式状语。 9．like　解析：考查介词。句意：海豚是一种非常爱玩的动物，它们经常游得很近，以至于能触碰到鳍，就像人类牵手一样。结合句意及空后的动名词复合结构“humans holding hands”可知应填介词like，意为“像”。 10．frequently　解析：考查副词。句意：它们经常成群结队地游泳。依据句意及空后的动词swim可知应填副词形式作状语，修饰动词swim。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$