Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language (见学生用书P47) 直接引语和间接引语 Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，认真感悟加黑部分并体会其语法特征。 1．The expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. 2．Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before… 3．The reporter asked, “How can we save polar bears from extinction？” 4．Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. 5．“Let's work together to stop climate change，” the expert said. Ⅱ.根据以上例句填空。 英语中常用两种方式引用别人说的话。一种是直接引语，如句　3　和　5　；另一种是间接引语，如句　1　、　2　和　4　。 直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，直接引语一般前后要加引号。间接引语是用自己的话对别人的话进行转述，不用引号。 一、直接引语变间接引语时的变化 (一)人称变化的三原则 1．“第一人称随主”原则 如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。 ►Mary said, “I want to have a computer of my own.”玛丽说：“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语内为第一人称) →Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.玛丽说，她想拥有一台她自己的电脑。(间接引语中随主语改为第三人称) 2．“第二人称随宾”原则 如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。 ►Her colleague said to her, “Who did you ask for a leave？”她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？”(直接引语中为第二人称) →Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.她的同事问她向谁请了假。(间接引语中随宾语改为第三人称) 3．“第三人称不更新”原则 直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中出现的第三人称的代词一般不需要变化。 ►Mr Li said, “Jack is a good worker.” 李先生说：“杰克是一位好工人。”(直接引语为第三人称) →Mr Li said Jack was a good worker. 李先生说杰克是一位好工人。(改为间接引语后人称不变) [即时训练1]——将下列句子改为间接引语 (1)He said, “I am proud of my motherland.” →　He said that he was proud of his motherland.　 (2)“You are wasting your time day-dreaming！” he said to Mary. →　He told Mary that she was wasting her time day-dreaming.　 (3)Mr Smith said, “Mary's voice is wonderful.” →　Mr Smith said Mary's voice was wonderful.　 (二)时态的变化 直接引语变间接引语时动词时态的变化如下表： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 ►His friend said to him, “We are planning to have a picnic.”他的朋友对他说：“我们正计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时) →His friend told him that they were planning to