4.课时梯级训练(四) Section Ⅳ Writing（Word练习）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

课时梯级训练(四)　Section Ⅳ　Writing Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2023·山师大附中高二检测)There is a profound relationship between science fiction and science.It is often said that stories change the world，what is less often heard is that stories change science，and therefore the future. The use of science fiction to explore our world is similar to scenario(剧情) planning in Futures Studies，which shapes our ideas about the future，and goes beyond predicting artifacts that once seemed impossible to us like Verne's submarine or the satellites of 2001：A Space Odyssey. In the words of Dutch researcher Sofia Kaloterakis，“Science fiction narratives structure our imaginative models about technoscientific projects such as robotics or space exploration”．Have you ever wondered how science fiction novels have impacted the idea we have about Artificial Intelligence or how Snow Crash，Neal Stephenson's novel，has impacted what we now call the Metaverse(元宇宙)? Science fiction helps us define possible futures.It provides us with an understanding of the rules underlying fictional worlds.It also allows us to put technological prototypes(原型) in the context of their use by humans.But most importantly，it determines the way we structure scientific thought and intervene(干预) in the future. Alex McDowell，Creator of the Minority Report，and Peter von Stackelberg explain what fictional narratives can bring to the table： The richness of “storyworlds”—the “universes” within which stories take place—provides us with detailed rules of the context in which a larger reality unfolds that extends beyond a single story，and has the potential to provide us with deeper learning about the underlying systems that regulate those worlds. Lastly，the relationship of futures narratives to theories such as Social Constructivism has been highlighted by several scholars.A central idea of this sociological theory is that whenever we use words or other symbols to refer to objects in our world we are constructing them.And，therefore，prediction is also a social