UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word教参）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 直接引语与间接引语 [对应学生用书P74] [观察] 1．The expert said，“From the position of its dead body，the bear appeared to have starved and died.” →The expert said that from the position of its dead body，the bear appeared to have starved and died. 2．The reporter asked，“Will polar bears die out because of climate change？” →The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change. 3．The reporter asked，“How can we save polar bears from extinction？” →The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction. 4．“Let's work together to stop climate change，” the expert said. →The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change. [探究] 1．句1中的直接引语部分变为间接引语后，间接引语构成了宾语从句。 2．句2中的直接引语部分是一般疑问句，变为间接引语后，采用了whether引导宾语从句的形式，同时时态也发生了变化。 3．句3中的直接引语部分变为间接引语后，语序和时态发生了变化。 4．句4中的直接引语部分是一个“let's＋动词原形”的祈使句式，间接引语转换为advise sb.to do sth.结构。 1．思考直接引语变为间接引语时，哪些地方需要随之发生变化。 2．思考直接引语变为间接引语(宾语从句)时，如何选择引导词。 一、定义 引述别人的话有两种方式：直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连词与主句连接。 二、直接引语变间接引语 (一)变人称 [感知] 1．She said，“My brother wants to go shopping with me.” → She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her. 2．He said to Kate，“How is your sister now？” → He asked Kate how her sister was then. 3．Mr. Smith said，“He is a good student.” →Mr. Smith said he was a good student. [探究] 1．句1中直接引语的主语为第一人称，变成间接引语后随主语改为第三人称。 2．句2中直接引语的主语被第二人称修饰，变成间接引语后随宾语改为第三人称。 3．句3中直接引语的主语为第三人称，变成间接引语后人称不变。 [归纳] 1．“第一人称随主”原则：直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，变为间接引语的从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。 2．“第二人称随宾”原则：直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，变为间接引语的从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。 3．“第三人称不更新”原则：直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中出现的第三人称的代词一般不需要变化。 直接引语变间接引语时，句子的谓语动词可根据实际语境采用适当的动词，如say、tell、ask、beg等。如： “I have something to show you，”I said to her. →I told her that I had something to show her. [即练] 句型转换(改为间接引语) ①“I don't know that，” he said. →He said that he didn't know that． ②She said to me，“You can go with me.” →She told me that I could go with her． ③She sai