Unit 1 A New Start Using Language basic sentence structures课件 2023-2024学年高中英语外研版必修第一册

Using Language Unit 1 A New Start basic sentence structures （简单句的基本句型） 英语句子按照其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成。 eg. She agreed. Tom and I played soccer together. They sing and dance. 并列句：由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来构成。 eg. I help him and he helps me.（并列） He failed many times, but he didn’t despair.（转折） We must hurry, or we’ll miss the train.（选择） We had better stay at home, for it was raining.（因果） 复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。 eg. The man who talked to you just now is an engineer. 主语：subject(S) 谓语：predicate 动词：verb(V) 宾语：object(O) 状语：adverbial(A) 补语：complement(C) 表语：predicative(P) The rain stopped.The sun rose. They walked and laughed. 1. 主+谓（SV) vi 归纳用法：谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需接宾语。 归纳用法：谓语动词是不及物动词，副词、介词短语等作状语。 2．主谓状(SVA) The rain stopped soon.The sun rose in the east. He and his brother went angrily. 归纳用法：谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，其后必须要接一个宾语，即动作的承受者。作宾语的可以是：名词、代词、不定式、动名词等。 3．主谓宾(SVO) We are learning English.I found a lovely bird. She likes playing the piano. vt You should forget it quickly.We planted many trees in our hometown. 4．主谓宾状(SVOA) 归纳用法：谓语动词是及物动词，其后接宾语。副词、介词短语等作状语。 归纳用法：谓语动词后接有两个宾语，这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者，其中指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。 5．主谓双宾语(SVIODO) Her mother bought her a skirt.Mr Li told us an interesting story. 当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时，其前通常需要加介词for或to。 常跟双宾语的动词： ①需借助于to的动词：bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write等；②需借助于for的动词：buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。 I offer a book to my student. My mom cooked a delicious meal for us. 归纳用法： 谓语动词后虽然已接有一个宾语，但意思还不完整，必须再加上另外一个成分对宾语进行补充说明(宾语补足语)。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。 6．主谓宾宾补(SVOC) The news made us very sad. He wants me to help him.My mother asked me to clean my room. 归纳用法：动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语的身份、特征、类属、状态等的表语。 系动词除了be动词之外，还有： ①表示感官的动词：feel，appear，look，smell，taste，sound等； ②表示状态延续的动词：remain，stay，keep，continue等； ③表示转变、变化的动词：become，get，turn，go，run，fall，come，grow等。 7．主系表(SVP) My sister is a nurse.I feel quite hungry.Leaves turn yellow. $$