内容正文:
构 词 法
构词法是指按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法。常见的构词法有:派生法、合成法和转化法。
考点精练1
1. It is impossible (possible) for you to write such a long story in an hour. It may take you one day.
2. They don’t like your brother because he is a very dishonest (honest) boy.
impossible
dishonest
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3. Three visitors (visit) will come to our village and teach us English.
4. Look! It is raining heavily (heavy) outside now.
5. — What’s the weather like today?
— It’s foggy (fog).
visitors
heavily
foggy
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6. We can eat this kind of plants. The plants are harmless (harm) to our health.
7. It is cloudy (cloud) today.
8. My brother likes sports, but I dislike (like) them.
9. Jane wants to be a scientist (science) when she grows up.
10. It is impolite (polite) to point at others with your chopsticks.
11. Don’t read in bed. It’s harmful (harm) to your eyes.
12. Food safety (safe) is more important than anything else.
harmless
cloudy
dislike
scientist
impolite
harmful
safety
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考点精讲1 派生法
派生法是指在词上附加前缀或后缀,构成新词。派生词包括加前缀和后缀两种形式。
1. 前缀:是在单词的前面加的某些固定的字母组合,经常见到的前缀有im-, un-, dis-, in-, a-, tele-等。其中im-, un-, dis-, in-一般构成反义词。
honest诚实的→dishonest 不诚实的
possible 可能的→impossible 不可能的
happy高兴的→unhappy 不高兴的
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2. 后缀:后缀是在单词的后面加的某些固定的字母组合。经常见到的后缀:
(1) 名词后缀: -er, -or, -tion, -ian, -ment, -ness等。
art艺术→artist 艺术家
move移动→movement 运动
educate教育→education 教育
teach教→teacher 教师
translate翻译→translation 翻译
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(2) 副词后缀:一般由形容词+ly或-ward(s)等后缀变为副词。
easy容易的→easily容易地
heavy重的→heavily 沉重地
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(3) 形容词后缀:一般由名词+-y, -able, -ful, -ive, -less或-al等后缀构成形容词。
help帮助→helpful有帮助的
rain雨→rainy有雨的
nature自然→natural自然的
home家→homeless无家可归的
act行动→active积极的;活跃