2024届高考英语一轮复习语法：并列句和状语从句讲义

Grammar： 并列句与状语从句 一．并列句 由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。 常见并列连词： 1. 表示递进：and, not only…but (also)…, neither…nor…等 2. 表示选择：or, either…or…, otherwise等 注意：（就近原则）谓语动词的单复数要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致 e.g. Either he or I am living here. Neither he nor I am living here. Not only he but also I am living here. 3. 表示转折：but, yet, whereas, while（“而，却”，表示对比）, not…but…等 e.g. He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 4. 表示因果：so, for 二．状语从句 由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。 （一）时间状语从句 表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till/until, not…until, since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…, by the time, every time等引导。 e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting. Once you see him, you will never forget him. 注意事项： 1. no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…结构中的时态搭配 no sooner与hardly/scarcely引导的句子谓语v.应用过去完成式，而than与when引导的句子谓语v.应用一般过去式。此外，当把no sooner与hardly/scarcely提到句首时，从句应用倒装语序。 e.g. I had hardly got home when it began to rain. = Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 2. not…until句型中的倒装用法 e.g. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. （not until置于句首，主句要倒装） 3. since引导的从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句中的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 e.g. I have written home four times since I came here. She has been working in this factory since she left school. （二）地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。 e.g. Sit wherever you like. Make a mark where you have a question. （三）原因状语从句 原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that（既然）, seeing that, considering that等。 （because不能与so连用；一些介词短语如because of, thanks to, due to, owing to等也可以表示原因） e.g. He is disappointed because he didn't get the position. As it is raining, I will not go out. Now that you mention it, I do remember. （for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强） （四）条件状语从句 条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有：if, unless, so/as long as（只要）, in case（万一）, on condition that（条件是）, suppose/