追梦专项总结突破卷(一)阅读理解-【追梦之旅·初中英语铺路卷】2023-2024学年八年级下册英语（译林版 河南专版）

追梦专项总结突破卷(一) 􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂 􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂 􀦂 􀦂 􀦂􀦂 阅读理解 　 　 阅读下面几篇语言材料,然后按文后要求做题。 A Trees are useful to man in three important ways. The first important way is that they provide man with food, wood and other products. Trees provide not only man with food,but also many animals with food. Without trees many ani- mals could not live on the Earth. It’s not easy for man to live on the Earth without trees,either. The second important way is that trees give us shade. On a hot summer day,people are eager(渴望) to have a rest under a tree after they have a long walk. You can imagine(想象) how important the shade of a tree is to man and animals. The third important way is that trees help to prevent droughts and floods(防止干旱和洪水) . However,in many parts of the world,man doesn’ t realize the third way. They cut trees down in large numbers. In the end they find that they have lost the best friends they had. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 ( 　 　 )1. How many important ways are trees useful to man? A. Two ways. 　 　 　 　 　 B. Three ways. C. Four ways. D. Five ways. ( 　 　 )2. Trees provide man with 　 　 　 　 . A. food B. wood C. other products D. all the above ( 　 　 )3. On a hot summer day,what do trees give us? A. They give us food. B. They give us wood. C. They give us shade. D. They give us leaves. ( 　 　 )4. What does the underlined(画线的) word “they” refer to(指代)? A. Man who cuts down trees in many parts of the world. B. The humans. C. Man who enjoys the shade. D. Man who enjoys the food. ( 　 　 )5. What’s the best title for the passage? A. What is a Tree B. How to Plant Trees C. The Importance of Trees D. How to Protect Trees B One day, an old couple ( 夫妇) went to watch a school sports meet. Suddenly it rained and the wind blew hard. They couldn’ t go home. They came to a small hotel and wanted to stay there for the night. A young man welcomed them warmly (热情地),but he said,“I’m sorry! Our rooms here are all full and the hotels nearby are all full too,because there will be an important meeting to be held here tomorrow. ” Hearing the young man’ s words,the old couple felt very disappointed(失望),and turned around to leave. Just as they were leaving,the young man came up(走近) to them and stopped them,“Madam and sir,if you don’t mind, you can sleep in my bedroom for a night􀆺” The next morning,the old couple took out lots of money to give it to the young man,but he didn’t take it. “No! You needn’t give me any money,for I only lent my room to you,”said the young man with a smile on his face. “You’re great,young man! It’s very kind of you. I hope I’ll build a hotel for you one day!” said the old man. With these words,the old couple left. The young man only laughed and went on working. Three years later,the young man got a letter from the old couple,asking him to go to Guangda Road. The young man met the old couple in front of a five-star hotel. “Do you remember what I said to you three years ago? Look! This is the hotel that I have built for you!” said the old man. Soon,the young man became the owner(主人) of the ho- tel. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 ( 　 　 )1. It’s clear that . A. all the hotels were too small B. a meeting would be held C. the rooms were very old D. the weather was not so bad ( 　 　 )2. At last,the old couple spent the night . A. in their house 　 B. in another hotel C. in the hotel 　 D. in the young man’s room ( 　 　 )3. The young man only laughed because . A. he knew the old couple were poor B. he thought the old man was kidding C. the couple thought too much of it D. he didn’ t like the gift ( 　 　 ) 4. Three years later,the old couple gave the young man . A. lots of money 　 B. lots of thanks C. nothing 　 D. a five-star hotel ( 　 　 )5. The writer mainly wants to tell us that . A. we should be kind-hearted to others B. we’d better be kind to old couples C. old couples are glad to help young people D. five-star hotels need young men C I came out of Beijing Capital International Airport at 9:30 on a clear morning. And at first I didn’t know where to go. It’s the first time for me,an Australian boy aged 15,to come to Chi- na. It is quite different from my country. And I can’t speak Chi- nese well,I know. When you ask a person,“What are you going to do during the summer holiday?” He or she may answer,“ I am going to have a travel. ” It sounds that people are all interested in trav- eling. Why? Because traveling has many advantages. First,travel can widen our knowledge of geography, the customs(习俗),culture and lifestyles of different places and countries. Second,we can make new friends. When we go traveling, we meet many people. Some people may stay with us for a few days. And others may help us a lot in their towns or cities. Third,we can practice a foreign language through trave- ling if we go to another country. Finally,travel can make us relaxed. We are busy studying and working every day. We have no time to relax. During the vacation we go outdoors and visit many places. I think travel is very useful and helpful. We can learn a lot. So I like traveling. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 ( 　 　 )1. What do people want to do on vacation? A. Travel. 　 B. Watch TV. C. Read books. 　 D. Go shopping. ( 　 　 )2. What does the underlined word “advantages” mean in Chinese? A. 危险　 　 　 B. 乐趣　 　 　 C. 优点　 　 　 D. 麻烦 ( 　 　 ) 3. What can people do during the traveling? Which of the following is NOT true? A. People can learn how to cook. B. People can learn the knowledge of geography. C. People may relax. D. People can understand different customs. ( 　 　 )4. If we want to make friends or practice a foreign lan- guage,we can . A. travel around B. call somebody C. visit him or her D. write many letters ( 　 　 )5. How many advantages does the passage tell us? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. D Table manners are about how to behave when you have a meal. Different countries have different table manners. To be- have well abroad,you should know some table manners. Japan It is OK to make some noises when you eat noodles in Ja- pan. Making some noises slightly(轻微地) is not rude but is praise for the cook. The Japanese also say it tastes better if ·14· you make some noises while eating. It is important to say “Thanks” before and after a meal. France In France,a meal is like a ceremony. People enjoy it and make it a special event. Never discuss money or religion(宗 教) over dinner. Finishing everything on your plate is consid- ered good manners. Russia Your wrists(手腕) should be placed on the edge(边缘) of the table while eating,a fork in the left hand and a knife in the right hand. Keep your elbows(肘部) off the table. Leave some food on your plate to show that the host has given you enough to eat. Mexico Whenever you catch the eye of someone who’ s eating, even a stranger,it’ s good manners to say “provecho”,which means “enjoy” . In Mexico,dining is more than a meal. It’ s a social occasion—lunches are seldom quick and suppers can last for hours. Before you get seated,look for place cards,or wait until the host seats you. And you must say “Enjoy your meal” before you leave the table. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 ( 　 　 )1. What is the polite way to eat noodles in Japan? A. Eating quietly. B. Eating quickly. C. Leaving some. D. Making some noises slightly. ( 　 　 )2. People don’ t like to talk about over dinner in France. A. weather　 　 B. sports　 　 C. news　 　 D. money ( 　 　 ) 3. According to the passage it is good manners to . A. keep quiet when eating noodles in Japan B. leave some food on your plate in France C. put the fork in the left hand in Russia D. eat as quickly as you can to save time in Mexico ( 　 　 ) 4. What should you say before you leave the table in Mexico? A. Goodbye. B. Thank you. C. Enjoy your meal. D. The food is delicious. ( 　 　 )5. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. Eating Habits B. Drinking Manners C. Table Manners D. Country Manners E My elder cousin Ted liked complaining almost about eve- rything. When he faced a problem,he always chose to com- plain about it instead of finding a way to solve it. That was not right. Ted was healthy and had received a good education. He should and could find a good job and work hard to feed him- self,but he just complained all day,drifting from one job to another. One day,I read about a farmer called Chris and told Ted about him. Chris works hard,performs many jobs around the farm. But Chris is not exactly like other farmers. What makes him different is that he was born without arms or legs. But this has not stopped him from working hard and getting things done. Now,you may ask, “ Is this possible?” Like many other amazing people who have no arms or legs,Chris does not fo- cus on what he can’ t do,but rather on what he can do. And he can do a lot! He drives farm vehicles and looks after crops. Once you see Chris in action,you will think there is nothing he can’ t do. Chris is a great example of a person who is making the most of his gifts. His positive attitude(积极的态度) and cour- age(勇气) make him a true inspiration. After I told Ted about Chris,he became silent. Compared with Chris,Ted was much luckier. Then luckily,I saw Ted’ s change. Do you like complaining? If you do, think about Chris. Such a man chooses to stay positive. Why don’ t we? 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 ( 　 　 )1. Why did the writer tell Ted about the farmer? A. Because Ted had a good job. B. Because Ted liked complaining. C. Because Ted was healthy. D. Because Ted had a good education. ( 　 　 )2. Which word can replace the underlined word in Para- graph 1? A. Thinking. 　 B. Changing. C. Making. D. Following. ( 　 　 )3. Which of the following sentences is WRONG? A. The author cares about his cousin. B. Ted learns a lot from Chris. C. Chris is a hard-working farmer. D. Ted isn’ t as lucky as Chris. ( 　 　 )4. What may happen to Ted? A. He will go to help Chris. B. He will change his job more often. C. He will get a higher education. D. He will try to get good results at work. ( 　 　 )5. What is the best title of this passage? A. Work harder than before B. Care for the disabled people C. Make the best of every day D. Learn to value(珍惜) what you have F Australia is the biggest island in the world. 1. 　 　 　 　 So when it is summer in our country, it is cold winter in Australia. Australia is big,but the population(人口) there is small. 2. 　 　 　 　 Australia is a young and diverse(多样的) nation and Australian people come from many different countries. Australia has many,many sheep. After a short drive from town,you will see sheep around you. 3. 　 　 　 　 The mother kangaroo keeps its baby in the “bag” . 4. 　 　 　 　 When greeting others, students and young people always say “Hello” or “Hi” . Sometimes they will say “How’s it going?” or “G’day” . In more formal(正式的) situ- ations,they usually shake hands for the first time they meet. 5. 　 　 　 　 English is Australia’s national language. 根据材料内容,从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的 最佳选项,使短文意思通顺、内容完整。 A. “Good morning”,“Good afternoon” or “Pleased to meet you” are formal greetings. B. Australia is considered to be a relaxed,informal society. C. You can also find a kangaroo has a “ bag” below its chest(胸部) . D. It is to the south of the equator(赤道) . E. The population is the same as that of Shanghai,a city of China. G If there are no museums,no theaters,no libraries in the place where you live,will you feel bored at home? There is no need for you to worry about it,because we are living in the In- ternet era(网络时代) . 1. 　 　 　 　 They can make our life col- orful. 2. 　 　 　 　 There are VR exhibitions,livestreaming(直播) class and many other resources. For example, an exhibition about Confucius is going on right now. 3. 　 　 　 　 There are also pictures and videos of the relics ( 文物), such as bi- anzhong and books. 4. 　 　 　 　 You ’ ll find many videos of artists from around the world playing music for you—for free! There are many online libraries where you can read books for free,such as the National Library of China and Shanghai Li- brary. 5. 　 　 　 　 根据材料内容,从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的 最佳选项,使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A. There you can find all kinds of books you like. B. If you are more interested in classical music,go to the National Center for the Performing Arts website. C. If you are a fan of museums,go to the National Museum of China’s official website. D. Here are some great online resources. E. You can learn about his life and ancient culture during the Spring and Autumn Period(770—476 BC) . ·24· by turning off the lights when we leave a room. Finally, I think we can plant more trees. Our city will look nicer with more trees around. 答案 一、1. A　 2. C　 3. B　 4. A　 5. C　 6. B　 7. C　 8. C 9. A　 10. B　 11. B　 12. B　 13. B　 14. C　 15. B 16. E　 17. D　 18. C　 19. B　 20. A 二、A. 21. B　 22. C 23. C　 【解析】根据“􀆺pollution,acid rain,climate change, the destruction (破 坏) of rainforests, and more and more animals and plants are disappearing. ”可知,谈论 了污染、酸雨、气候变迁、雨林破坏和越来越多动植物消 失,一共五个问题。 故选 C。 　 24. D 25. A　 【解析】根据“A Speech for Students”可知,该演讲 是给学生的,所以可以在学校海报上看到。 故选 A。 B. 26. A　 27. B　 28. C　 29. D 30. D　 【解析】根据“Now I’m writing to ask you to help stop forests from disappearing. ”及通读全文可知,作者 写这封信是为了请 Heppell 先生帮助保护森林。 C. 31. B　 32. C　 33. D 34. A　 【解析】由最后一段可知,作者呼吁人们要尽可能多 种水果和蔬菜,让我们周围的环境更“绿”。 故选 A。 35. C　 D. 36. C　 37. A　 38. E　 39. B　 40. D 三、41. C　 42. D　 43. A　 44. B 45. C　 【解析】根据上文“build houses and more farmland to grow crops and so on”可知,森林不断被砍伐,面积越来越 小,故选 C。 　 46. D 47. D　 【解析】根据下文的“we will have sandstorms often” 可知,这将是一件可怕的事,故选 D。 48. D　 【解析】下文情况皆是没有森林所带来的危害,故选 D。 49. B　 50. A　 51. C　 52. D 53. A　 【解析】由上文可知没有森林,生存环境变得恶劣,所以 生存会变得艰难,故选 A。 　 54. B　 55. C 四、第一节 56. rains　 57. cover　 58. thousands　 59. them　 60. important 61. cleaner　 62. beauty　 63. Without　 64. more　 65. so 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　【解题步骤】 步骤 1. 分析备选项,标注词性:阅读方框中的待选词汇,标 注词性,并初步理解其词义,方便填空时确定语法关系。 步骤 2. 通读短文,了解大意:学生需跳过空格快速浏览全 文,迅速读懂短文,了解大意。 特别是首尾段和每段的首尾 句,寻找文章的主题句,把握文章的主旨大意。 步骤 3. 正确选词和变形,重视语境:边读边填,在语境中分 析词义差别及语法搭配等,正确选词和变形(连词和介词无 变形)。 步骤 4. 复读检验,消除遗漏:复读短文时要注意词形变化, 如意义是否连贯、语法是否正确、拼写是否有误等。 第二节 66. like　 67. into　 68. be　 69. an　 70. others 五、71. Where was it held 72. How did you like it 73. What should we do to protect our environment 74. I turn off the lights when I leave a room 75. Would you like to go with me next time (答案不唯一,合理即可) 六、范文: Sunshine No. 3 Middle School is applying for “ The Civilized School” this year. What should we do for it? First,we should respect the teachers and the old. Also it’s good for us to be polite and honest to other people. Second,we should obey the traffic rules and cross the street safely. We can only cross the road when the traffic lights are green. Third,we must protect the environment. Don’ t spit everywhere or throw rubbish around. Fourth, the natural resources are getting fewer and fewer, so we should save resources. Especially,don’ t waste water or food. When we have dinner, it’ s best for us to eat up all the food on the plate. It’s time for us to take action to make our school a civilized school! 追梦专项总结突破卷(一) 阅读理解 A. 1. B　 2. D　 3. C　 4. A　 5. C　 【解析】短文讲了树对人类三个最重要的方面,故选 C。 B. 1. B　 2. D　 3. B　 4. D　 5. A　 【解析】年轻人出于善良让老夫妇住自己的房间,之后他 得到了一家五星级酒店,所以这篇文章想告诉我们要对他人 善良,故选 A。 C. 1. A　 2. C 3. A　 【解析】由全文可知,文中没有提到人们可以学习怎样做 饭,故选 A。 4. A　 【解析】由短文第四段和第五段知,我们可以通过旅行来 交朋友和练习一门外语。 故选 A。 　 5. C D. 1. D　 2. D 3. C　 【解析】根据 Russia 部分第 1 句中“ a fork in the left hand and a knife in the right hand”可知,选 C。 4. C　 【解析】 根据最后一段最后一句 “And you must say ‘Enjoy your meal’ before you leave the table. ”可知在墨西 哥离开餐桌前应该说“Enjoy your meal. ”故选 C。 　 5. C E. 1. B　 2. B　 3. D　 4. D　 5. D　 【解析】作者通过给 Ted 讲述 Chris 的励志故事告诉我 们:残疾人尚且可以保持积极的心态,健全人更应该珍惜自 己拥有的,积极乐观地面对生活。 故选 D。 F. 1. D　 2. E　 3. C　 4. B　 5. A G. 1. D　 2. C　 3. E　 4. B　 5. A 追梦专项总结突破卷(二) 完形填空 A. 1. B 2. D　 【解析】on foot 步行,固定搭配。 　 3. B　 4. A　 5. B 6. D　 【解析】A. because of 因为;B. as a result 因此;C. in order to 为了;D. instead of 代替。 句意:你可以在日常乘公交或地 铁来代替骑车。 根据句意,故选 D。 　 7. B　 8. C　 9. A 10. B　 【解析】 there be 句型,此处描述过去的事情,时态为一 般过去时,be 动词用 were。 故选 B。 11. C　 12. B　 13. C　 14. A 15. B　 【解析】根据上文可知,此处表示正在经历的变化。 故 选 B。 B. 1. A　 2. A　 3. D　 【解析】根据“Her parents worked there and often spent much time on parties􀆺”可知,玛丽的父母经常花很多时间 在聚会上,那他们应该就没有时间陪伴玛丽,所以玛丽应是 孤独的。 故选 D。 　 4. C　 5. A　 6. C　 7. B　 8. A 9. C　 【解析】根据下文“And he thought he couldn’ t walk like other boys and would die soon. ”可知,这个男孩的病情很严 重,并且他还认为自己就快要死了,所以他对此应该会感到 很伤心,“crying”符合语境。 故选 C。 10. D　 11. D　 12. A　 13. B 14. A　 【解析】根据谓语“has been”可知,此句时态为现在完成 时,所以此处的时间状语应为“since+时间点”。 故选 A。 15. D C. 1. A　 2. C　 3. B　 4. B 5. C 　 【解析】A. full of 充满;B. crazy about 着迷;C. famous for 因 …… 著 名; D. popular with 受 …… 欢 迎。 根 据 “because it is one of the only two cities in the world which keep rainforests”可知是“因……而著名”。 故选 C。 6. D　 7. C　 8. D　 9. C　 10. C 11. A　 【解析】 another 泛指(三个或三个以上中的)另一个; other 其他的,另外的,泛指另一些,常与复数名词连用; others 泛指别人,其他人,相当于 other+名词复数;the other 其他的,另外的,表示除了前边提到的剩下的全部,后面既 可以接单数也可以接复数。 根据“place of interest”可知选 A。 　 12. D　 13. D 14. C　 【解析】根据文章内容,新加坡有各种好玩的东西和地 方,可知是没有时间无聊,故选 C。 　 15. B D. 1. B　 【解析】句意:事实上,有些活动没有志愿者就无法进行。 追梦之旅铺路卷·八年级下·YL·英语　 第 13 页