内容正文:
2024年江苏小升初毕业英语语法总复习(2)动词(译林版三起)
【考点梳理】
动词就是表示动作或状态的词。按照动词的意思及其在句子中的作用来划分,可以分为系动词(小学阶段主要是指be动词)、行为动词(实义动词)、助动词和情态动词等。
1.系动词
系动词,也称连系动词,通常用于连接主语与表语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征等。小学阶段学习的系动词主要指的是be动词。
(1)be动词的一般现在时的形式是am, is, are;过去形式单数用was,复数用were。这几个单词一般都表示“是”,在句子中充当谓语。
(2)在一般现在时态中,be动词am, is, are的运用根据主语的人称和数的不同有所区别。
【例题】单项选择。
( )—Where Lily and her sister yesterday evening?
—In the park.
A.was B.were C.did
【答案】B
【解析】根据关键短语yesterday evening可知此句是一般过去时态,be动词用was或were;主语Lily and her sister是复数,故选B。
2.行为动词
(1)行为动词一般指实义动词,即表示具有一定意义的动作的词。如:skate, swim, listen。行为动词有及物动词与不及物动词之分。
【例题】单项选择。
( )—What can you in the picture?
—Picture? Where is it? I can’t anything.
A.look; look for B.see; look for C.see; find
3.助动词
(1)助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语。它必须和主要动词连用,帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。
(2)常见助动词有三个,分别为:do, does和did。do, does用于一般现在时;did用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。其否定形式是:do not(don’t) , does not(doesn’t), did not(didn’t)。
4.情态动词
(1)在小学阶段,我们接触的情态动词主要有can(could), may(might), must, need, shall(should), will(would)。
(2)情态动词后面接动词原形,不受人称和数的变化影响。
(3)在否定句和一般疑问句中的变化。
有情态动词的句子,改为否定句时,在情态动词后加not即可;改为一般疑问句时,则将情态动词题前,首字母大写。
【专项提优练习】
一、单项选择。
( )1.(2023扬州广陵区)Who usually dishes after dinner in your family?
A.washes B.washed C.wash
( )2.(2023淮安淮安区)—Does it often in spring in Huai’an?
—Yes. It is often .
A.rain; rained B.rainy; rains C.rain; rainy
( )3.(2023淮安淮阴区)Nancy well. She wants to be a .
A.sing; singer B.sings; singer C.singing; singer
( )4.(2023淮安涟水县)My brother eats apples every day, but my sister .
A.a little; isn’t B.a few; doesn’t C.a few; does
( )5.(2023淮安清江浦区)Jack often her English after school.
A.teaches B.teacher C.teaching
( )6.(2022镇江京口区)It is often in the UK, so people always an
umbrella.
A.rains; carries B.rainy; carry C.rains; carry
( )7.(2023扬州高邮)Sun Yan always her things . It’s a good habit.
A.put; in orders B.puts; order C.puts