内容正文:
2024年广东中考英语语法复习
第8讲
动词的分类
考点知识导图
动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词具有人称、数、时态和语
态的变化。根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类:实义动词、
系动词、助动词和情态动词。动词的五种基本形式包括:原形、
第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式、过去分词(以 do 为例:do→
does→doing→did→done)。
实义动词
实义动词也叫行为动词,有完整的词义,并能单独作谓语。
根据其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
分类 用法 结构 实义动词 举例
及物
动词 本身意义不完整,后须接宾语;可用于被动语态 动词+宾语 love, like, enjoy, buy, teach, see, give, show, lend, borrow, return, make等 I love my country.我爱我的祖国。
动词+宾语+宾补 We saw the students playing basketball just now.刚才我们看到学生们正在打篮球。
动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 Please show me your passport.请给我看看你的护照。
分类 用法 结构 实义动词 举例
不及物
动词 本身意义完整,其后不必接宾语,要接宾语时,则要与介词搭配;不用于被动语态 主语+不及物动词 come, go,arrive, laugh (at), listen (to), wait (for),look (at/after/for), worry (about), talk (to/with)等 He arrived.他到了。
不及物动词+介词+宾语 He is listening to music.他正在听音乐。
(续表)
注意:(1)有些动词既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,但
意义不同(如 beat, close, open, start, drive, play, speak, sing, wake, win,
stop, cook 等)。如:
The crops grow well in the field.地里的庄稼长得很好。(grow 是
不及物动词,表示“生长”)
The old man is growing flowers in his garden.这个老人在花园里
种花。(grow 是及物动词,表示“种植”)
(2)带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,
必须在变换时加介词 to 或 for,从而构成“及物动词+直接宾语+
to/for+间接宾语”句型。如:
Please pass me this book. = Please pass this book to me. 请把这
本书递给我。(直接宾语为 this book,间接宾语为 me)
考点演练
一、单项填空。
A
A
(
)1.This kind of SmartWatch ________ Mr.Li's daily needs.
He wears it all the time.(2023 年江苏连云港市)
A.satisfies
B.hides
C.carries
D.brings
(
)2.To keep healthy, Daming's grandparents ________ in a
park every day.(2023 年天津市)
A.exercise
B.cough
C.sleep
D.wait
(
)3.Doing housework can help children realize their parents'
hard work, learn some life skills and ______ children's independence.
A.make
B.develop
C.grow
D.teach
(
)4.—Hello! Can I speak to Jenny, please?
—Sorry, she isn't in.Can I _______ a message?(2023 年江西省)
A.take
B.read
C.check
D.receive
(
)5.—Jim, you say that you won't play computer games any
more.
B
A
B
—Please trust me! I will certainly do what I ________.
A.mean
B.want
C.care
D.prefer
二、根据句意及提示填写单词的适当形式。
egret
1.I don't r________ ( 后悔 ) many things about my school