专题3 主旨大意题+研究发现类文章(专题微讲Word)-【赢在微点·考前顶层设计】2024新高考英语大二轮专题复习（Word版）

专题三 主旨大意题+研究发现类文章 主旨大意题 主旨大意题主要有3种:归纳段落大意、理解全文主旨和选定最佳标题。2023新高考Ⅰ卷有1道题考查段落大意题、2023新高考Ⅱ卷有1道题考查最佳标题。 研究发现类文章 研究发现类说明文往往是试题的C篇或D篇,设题涉及最新研究成果、实验的目的、结果、意义和专家的态度等。 试练真题·品考向 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 试练真题 2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·D　体裁:说明文　主题语境:人与社会—社会科学 　　On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. →引入群体智慧效应 　　This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. →为Navajas 的新研究做铺垫 　　But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. →例证:人数相同,讨论(不独立)后的平均估算值的准确度更高 In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing