内容正文:
Unit2 Health and Fitness
同步练习
基础巩固
一、英语句型及成分重点知识回顾
英语句子按结构可分为三类:简单句、并列句和主从复合句。
一、简单句 (simple sentences)
句子成分都由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。
Eg:
We often read English in the morning.
They usually go to the library at the weekends.
句子成分
构成一个句子的部分叫做句子成分。句子成分包括主语(subject)、谓语(verb)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、状语(adverbial)等。
主语
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
Eg:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
谓语
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
Eg:He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语:
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
Eg:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
(2)由系动词加表语构成。
Eg:We are students.
宾语
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。包括:
(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),Eg:Lend me your dictionary, please.
(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),Eg:They elected him their monitor.
Eg:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
表语
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
Eg:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
常见的系动词
(1)be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词;
(2)感官动词类 look/seem, feel, smell, taste, sound等 (五感)
(3)表示变化:get, grow, become, turn, go等 (五变)
(4)表示状态延续:stay, keep, remain等 (三保持)
(5)表示证明... prove
定语
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
Eg:
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed