2024年中职复习中职英语语法—简单句型和句子成分课件

简单句 1 三大句型 2 五种基本句型 1. 主谓 2. 主谓宾 3. 主系表 4. 主谓双宾 5. 主谓宾宾补 3 五种基本句型 张三死了。 Zhang San died. 张三过着幸福快乐的生活。 Zhang San enjoys a happy life. 主谓 主谓宾 主谓结构的动词是不及物动词 主谓宾结构的动词是及物动词 4 五种基本句型 张三是一个法外狂徒。 Zhang San is an outlaw. 张三很高兴。 Zhang San is happy. 解释主语的身份，系动词在此相当于“=” 描述主语的状态，系动词在此相当于“：” 主系表 5 五种基本句型 张三给我一个硬币。 Zhang San gave me a coin. 主谓双宾 张三爱李四和王二。 Zhang San loves Li and Wang. 主谓宾 6 五种基本句型 张三号召大家给我硬币。 Zhang San asks audience to give coins to me. 张三使得我很感动。 Zhang San makes me touched. 主谓宾宾补 7 句子成分 8 句子成分 主语 subject 主语是动作的执行者，是句子的主体，主要由名词、代词、动名词或动名词短语充当，也可以由数词、动词不定式、名词化的形容词和分词、从句等来充当。 Most Chinese people like to travel. He is a reporter. Who broke the window? Eating more vegetables is good for your health. Two thirds of them got high marks. To make you happy is my duty. The old should be respected. 名词作主语 代词作主语 动名词作主语 数词作主语 动词不定式作主语 名词化的形容词做主语 9 句子成分 谓语 predicate/verb 谓语是用来说明主语是什么、做什么或处于做什么的状态。由动词或动词短语充当. She finished her homework yesterday. We get up at 6:00 every morning. We should help each other. He has bought some books online. 简单谓语：由一个实义动词或动词短语构成 复合谓语：情态动词+动词原形 助动词+动词的适当形式 谓语有人称、时态、语态和数的变化，并与主语保持人称和数的一致 10 句子成分 宾语 object 宾语是指动作的对象或承受者，可由名词、代词、动名词短语来充当，也可由数词、动词不定式短语、分词或从句等来充当。 He is writing a letter. Who will take care of him? -How many do you want? -I want two. He enjoys drinking coffee. They wants to do their homework first. The teacher teaches us English. They painted their room green. 名词作宾语 代词作宾语 数词作宾语 动名词短语作宾语 动词不定式作宾语 双宾语：直接宾语+间接宾语 宾语+宾语补足语 11 句子成分 表语 predicative 表语常放在系动词之后，说明主语的性质、特征、身份等，可由名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语以及动词不定式、动名词短语、分词或从句等来充当。 He is my classmate. This book is mine. She is weak in maths. I must be off now. She was the first to come. The picture is on the wall. Her job is to look after the old. His job is teaching Chinese. 名词作表语 代词作表语 形容词词作表语 副词作表语 数词作表语 介词短语作表语 动词不定式作表语 动名词短语作表语 12 句子成分 宾语补足语 object complement 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的状态、身份或动作，可以由名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、分词或从句等来充当。 We consider him a good teacher. I find learning English easy. I saw the kite up