21 AIS Development Strategies（课件）- 《会计信息系统英文版》同步教学（人民大学版）

Chapter 21 AIS Development Strategies 21-1 Learning Objectives Describe how organizations purchase application software, vendor services, and hardware. Explain how information system departments develop custom software. Explain how end users develop, use, and control computer- based information systems. Explain why organizations outsource their information systems, and evaluate the benefits and risks of this strategy. Explain the principles and challenges of business process management. Describe how prototypes are used to develop an AIS, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of doing so. Explain what computer-aided software engineering is and how it is used in systems development. 21-2 Ways to Obtain an AIS Purchase the software Develop software in-house Hire and external company to develop and maintain new software 21-3 Purchasing Software Off the Shelf (OTS) Canned System capabilities for users with similar requirements Turnkey System Hardware and software sold as a package Application Service Provider (ASP) Software is provided to user via the Internet 21-4 In-House System Development Main criteria for in-house development Provides a significant competitive advantage Risks of in-house development Significant amounts of time required Complexity of the system Poor requirements defined Insufficient planning Inadequate communication and cooperation Lack of qualified staff Poor top management support 21-5 End-User Computing (EUC) Hands-on development, use, and control of computer- based information systems by users Advantages of EUC User creation, control, and implementation Users decide whether a system should be developed and what information is important. Systems that meet user needs Users discover flaws that IS people do not catch. Many of the user-analyst-programmer communication problems in traditional program development are avoided. Timeliness Time-consuming cost-benefit analyses, detailed requirements definitions, and the delays and red tape of the ap