Unit1单词讲解2023-2024学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit 1 What’s the matter? 1. 定语从句 a.定语从句的含义： 在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或某一句子起定语作用的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词称 为先行词。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。 b.关系词: 分为两类：关系代词 (that, which, who, whom, whose) 和关系副词 (when, where, why)。 c.关系代词的用法 关系代词 指代对象 关系代词在从句中所作成分 that 人或物 主语或宾语 which 物 主语或宾语 who 人 主语或宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人或物 定语 1) The boy that/who/whom you saw yesterday came here again this morning. 2) The school that/which we visited last week is a good one. 3) This is the professor who/that taught me chemistry in 1980. 4) The film that/which we saw the day before yesterday was very interesting. 5) The park which/that was built five years ago is still beautiful. 6) Do you know the girl who/that/whom I spoke to? 1) 关系词只能用 that 的情况 ①先行词是 all, little, much, none, few, something, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词时。如： As we all know, all that can be done should be done. ②先行词前面有 the only, the very, the last 等修饰时。 This is the only book that I can find. ③先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen. ④先行词既有人又有物时。 I have never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now. ⑤先行词前面有 all, any, no 等限定词时。 All the gifts that you received yesterday should be put away. ⑥主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which is the book that you like best？ 2) 关系词只能用which 的情况： ①关系代词作介词的宾语时，用“介词+which”结构。 This is the place in which I grew up. ②如果先行词本身是 that 或 those 时，只能用 which。 Those which are on the desk are English books. ③引导非限制性定语从句指物时，多用 which。 d.关系副词的用法 ① when 表示时间，在从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the year whe tcn you graduated from No 8 Middle School. ②where 表示地点，在从句中作地点状语。 That is the school where I studied three years ago. ③ why 表示原因，在从句中作原因状语，先行词是 reason。 We don’t know the reason why he was late for school. 2. 反身代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself 我自己 yourself 你自己 himself 他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 复数 ourselves 我们自己 yourselves 你们自己 themselves 他们、她们、它们自己 ①反身代词放在动词和介词后作宾语，强调宾语和主语时相同的人或物 hurt oneself 伤着自己 teach oneself...=learn...by oneself 自学 dress o