重难点05.情态动词(虚拟语气)-2024年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(浙江用)

05.情态动词(虚拟语气) 1.情态动词的基本用法比较：情态动词两要点, 动词原形跟后边, 说话语气较委婉: can表“能力”, may“许可”, must“责任”或“义务”。否定答语needn’t换, need“需要”, dare“敢”, should“应该”, would“愿”, have to“被迫”表客观。 2.表示判断的情态用法：(1)如果是观点态度:表能力用can,表许可用may/can/might,表必须用must。 (2)如果是推测:断然否定用can’t;犹豫不决拿不准用may或might;表示肯定用must。 一、情态动词的基本用法 情态动词:无人称和数的变化,后跟动词原形才能作谓语。 原形,过去式 用法 含义 例句 can, could 表能力(=be able to有时态变化) 能,会 He can dance.=He is able to dance. 表请求(一般疑问句) 可以 Can you help me?=Could you give me a hand?(更委婉) 表否定推测 can’t be(不可能) The boy can’t be Tony.Tony is much taller. may, might 表可能性 可能 Tim may know the way.=Maybe Tim knows the way. 表客气请求 可以 May I come in? 表祝愿 祝 May you good luck. must 表命令/义务 必须 We must obey the school rules. 表肯定推测 一定 He must be at home because the light is on. must的一般疑问句的否定回答用needn’t 或don’t have to 没有必要 —Mom,must I write to my cousin today? —No,you needn’t/you don’t have to.You may write it on weekends. 与同义短语have to的区别: have to有时态、人称的变化(has to/had to...)must 无变化 不得不,必须 The boy had to stay at home alone yesterday. =The boy must stay at home alone yesterday. shall, should Shall I/we...表请求 ……好吗? Shall I ask you some questions? Let’s 的附加反意疑问句是shall we 好吗 Let’s go to the park,shall we? should/shouldn’t表义务 (不)应该 Students shouldn’t have long hair. will,would 表提建议 愿意 Will/Would/Could you please take out the trash? need need do(need是情态动词) 需要; 需要做…… We need buy some school things.=We need to buy some school things. need to do(need是行为动词) need doing 需要被做 The watch needs repairing.(这块手表需要被修。) had better had better (not) do =It’s (not) best to do sth. 最好(不) You had better ask your teachers for help.=It’s best to ask your teachers for help. 二、情态动词知识常考要点 1.may的一般疑问句的否定回答用 can’t。 —Mom,may I play computer games now? —No,you can’t.Study must come first.(必须先学习) 2.mustn’t意为“禁止;不准”。 You mustn’t play soccer on the street.It’s so dangerous. 3.“情态动词+have done(完成时)”意为“原本应该做某事,而实际上没做”。 If we started two days ago,we should have finished th