2024年中考英语 完形填空讲解+真题训练

2024年中考英语完形填空专项讲解 ☞解读考点 完形填空 完形填空是一种在语意封闭的情况下考察学生阅读能力及掌握语言基础知识能力的综合性题目。学生应根据语义完整、语法正确、合乎逻辑的原则进行通篇阅读。借助文章的现成文字，通过逻辑思维，联系上下文，推断出可能的答案，使补足后的短文结构完整，意义通畅。 一、题型特点 1. 设空：以实词（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词）为主，虚词（介词、连词、冠词）为辅。首句可能是主题句，一般不设空。 2. 选项：每小题给出的选项通常是相同的词类。注重在语境中考查词义辨析，答案要联系上下文才能得出，单纯考查语法的题目较少。 3. 考点： 4. 体裁：以记叙文或夹叙夹议文为主，偶尔有说明文或议论文。近几年的试题中还出现了书信等应用文。 二、解题步骤及技巧 1. 解题步骤 2. 解题技巧 （1）语义复现法： 完形填空的文章都是围绕一个话题进行论述，在行文中经常会出现原词、同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或异形复现，可以根据这些词之间的有机联系确定答案。 例1（2023 天津中考）Tom had a bad toothache. His mother wanted to take him to the dentist's（牙科诊所）, but he refused. He was afraid of the ____ when the dentist had to extract（拔出）his tooth. Tom's mother told him that if he did not visit the dentist, the pain would get worse. At last, Tom had to agree. A. pain B. trust C. success D. training 解析：A 此题为原词复现。根据下文的the pain would get worse 可知，Tom是害怕拔牙时的疼痛。 （2）背景知识解题法： 有时运用背景知识和生活常识可以轻松地选出正确答案。 例2（2023 凉山中考）Chinese people like having meals together and they put all the dishes on a round table. There is sometimes a round rotating disc（旋转盘） in the _____ of the dining table. It makes sure that all the diners can enjoy the meal and feel respected. A. east B. wes C. center 解析：C 根据常识可知，中国人在聚餐时，有时在餐桌的中央放置一个旋转的圆盘，故选C。 （3）语境解题法： 做题时，要瞻前顾后，词不离句、句不离段、段不离篇。因为有些题单独拿出来看，几个选项填入空格貌似都正确，但结合全文会发现，只有一个最佳答案。 例3（河南中考）She said I wasn't funny, but she wasn't right, because everyone else in the class laughed. ...Anyway, my teacher sent me to the principal's office（校长室）. I told him what happened, and he _____, too. A. laughed B. believed C. shouted D. agreed 解析：A 单看设空处所在句，4 个选项填入空格都正确。但结合上文“...because everyone else in the class laughed.”可知，只有A项符合语境。 （4）选项代入法： 把各选项代入短文中，选出词义和语法均符合要求的选项。如果不能立即选出正确答案，可以验证各选项代入后是否有语法错误、词组搭配是否正确、上下文语义是否连贯，排除不合适的选项，剩下的便是正确答案。 例4（安徽中考）Every week, I got a little better and hated swimming a little less. I worked at it so much that one day my high school swimming coach asked me to join the school team. You can imagine how that made me and my family feel _____ I was so afraid of the water before! A.