14 The Production Cycle（课件）- 《会计信息系统英文版》同步教学（人民大学版）

Chapter 14 The Production Cycle 14-1 Learning Objectives Describe the major business activities and related information processing operations performed in the production cycle. Identify major threats in the production cycle and evaluate the adequacy of various control procedures for dealing with those threats. Explain how a company’s cost accounting system can help it achieve its manufacturing goals. Discuss the key decisions that must be made in the production cycle and identify the information required to make those decisions. 14-2 Production Cycle 14-3 The Production Cycle Business activities and information processing activities Related to manufacturing of products 14-4 Production Cycle Activities Product design Planning and scheduling Production operations Cost accounting 14-5 Production Cycle General Threats Inaccurate or invalid master data Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information Loss or destruction of data 14-6 Production Cycle General Controls Data processing integrity controls Restriction of access to master data Review of all changes to master data Access controls Encryption Backup and disaster recovery procedures 14-7 Product Design Threats Poor product design resulting in excess costs 14-8 Product Design Controls Accounting analysis of costs arising from product design choices Analysis of warranty and repair costs 14-9 Planning and Scheduling Threats Over- or underproduction 14-10 Planning and Scheduling Controls Production planning systems Review and approval of production schedules and orders Restriction of access to production orders and production schedules 14-11 Production Operations Threats Theft of inventory Theft of fixed asset Poor performance Suboptimal investment in fixed assets Loss of inventory or fixed assets due to fire or other disasters Disruption of operations 14-12 Production Operations Controls Physical access control Documentation of all inventory movement Segregation of duties—custody of assets from recording and authoriz