11Education（课件）- 《财政与金融》同步教学（人民大学·第五版）

11 11.1 Why Should the Government Be Involved in Education? 11.2 How Is the Government Involved in Education? 11.3 Evidence on Competition in Education Markets 11.4 Measuring the Returns to Education 11.5 The Role of the Government in Higher Education 11.6 Conclusion Education 1 of 34 1 11 Education is a hotly debated topic in public policy. Education is the single largest expenditure item for state and local governments. The United States spends more on education than most countries… …but lags behind leading countries, and even much less wealthy ones, on standardized test scores. Education of 34 C H A P T E R 1 1 ■ E D U C A T I O N 2 11 Education The United States spends more money per pupil than nearly every country on Earth, but its educational outcomes are only average. of 34 C H A P T E R 1 1 ■ E D U C A T I O N 3 11.1 There are a number of public benefits (positive externalities) to education that might justify a government role in its provision. Productivity Society can benefit from the higher standard of living that comes with increased productivity. Citizenship Education may make citizens more informed and active voters, improving the quality of the democratic process. Why Should the Government Be Involved in Education? of 34 C H A P T E R 1 1 ■ E D U C A T I O N 4 11.1 Educational credit market failure: The failure of the credit market to make loans that would raise total social surplus by financing productive education. Without public education, many families would borrow money for their children’s education. This market likely would not function well. Why Should the Government Be Involved in Education? of 34 C H A P T E R 1 1 ■ E D U C A T I O N 5 11.1 Failure to maximize family utility Parents may not choose an appropriate level of education for their children. Redistribution As long as education is a normal good, higher-income families would provide more education. Income mobility has long been a stated goal for most democ