2024年人教版中考二轮复习课件专题8　第2节　语态

第2节　语态 1.语法填空。 根据下面短文内容和提示,在短文的空格处填上一个语法最恰当的词,使短文完整、通顺。 Once upon a time, there was a kind and pretty girl named Cinderella. She 　①　 to do all the housework by her stepmother and two stepsisters. One day, the prince 　②　 a party to choose the one he loved.  Sister 1: The queen must 　③　 (属于) to me!  Sister 2: I will be 　④　 (选择), not you!  Stepmother: OK, girls. Hurry up and make up immediately. Cinderella: Mum, I want to go to the party, too. Sisters 1 and 2: You? Look at yourself, so dirty! Stepmother: Come on, girls! Let’s go! Cinderella, stay at home to finish all the housework! ① was asked　　　 ② held　  ③ belong  ④ chosen　  2.知识回顾。 动词的语态反应动词和其主语之间的主动或被动关系。在短文中,画波浪线的句子属于 主动　语态,主语 the prince　是动作 held　的执行者。画横线的句子属于 被动　语态,主语 She　是动作 ask　的承受者。  考点1 被动语态的基本结构 1.一般现在时的被动语态:主语+am/is/are done 如:My bedroom is cleaned　 (clean)by me every day.  我的卧室每天都(被我)打扫。 2.一般过去时的被动语态:主语+was/were done 例:The book was written　 (write)by Wang Xiaobo.  这本书是王小波写的。 3.一般将来时的被动语态:主语+will/shall/be going to+be done 如:The speech will be given　 (give)by Mr. Smith tomorrow.  明天史密斯先生会进行演讲。 4.现在完成时的被动语态:主语+has/have been done 如:The trees have been planted　 (plant)by them for many years.  他们已经种植这些树很多年了。 5.含情态动词的被动语态:主语+情态动词+be done 如:Waste paper shouldn’t be thrown　 (throw)here.  废纸不应该被扔在这。 考点2 主动语态与被动语态的转换 1.主动变被动 *口诀:宾变主,主变宾,谓语动词用被动。 2.主动句变被动句的两种特殊句型 (1)带双宾语的动词的被动形式:把直接宾语变成被动句的主语时,间接宾语前要加介词to/for。 如:Cindy gave him some water.→Some water was given to him by Cindy. Tom bought me a toy.→A toy was bought for me by Tom. (2)不带to的不定式作宾补,变被动句时,要加上to。 如: They made him work 12 hours a day. He was made to work 12 hours a day. 考点3 被动语态的用法 (1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。 如:Lucy’s new schoolbag was stolen last night. 露西的新书包昨晚被偷了。 (2)没有必要指出动作的执行者。 如:Smoking is not allowed here. 这里不允许吸烟。 (3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 如:Your work must be finished today. 你的工作今天必须完成。 (4)用于一些惯用搭配。 如:It is said that…据说…… It is reported that…据报道…… It is believed that…人们相信…… It is known that…众所周知…… It is thought that…人们认为…… 考点4 主动结构表示被动意义 (1)含有read, sel