2024年人教版中考二轮复习课件专题1　第1节　词义辨析和名词的数

第1节　词义辨析和名词的数 1.语法填空。 根据下面短文内容和提示,在短文的空格处填上一个语法最恰当的词,使短文完整、通顺。 Chopsticks are an ancient tool of eating food, and even though they were developed 5,000 years ago in C　①　, the tradition is still alive today. There are many 　②　for using chopsticks, but probably they are developed because using two sticks of wood allows one to get close enough to get the food out of a p　③　without burning themselves.  Although forks and 　④　 and other tools have been introduced to China over the years, chopsticks have remained the main way to eat food. Chopsticks are mostly made from 　⑤　 and bamboo. Foreigners like to buy silk and chopsticks as 　⑥　.  The Chinese people usually eat food from a b　⑦　 or small plate. They use chopsticks to eat noodles and rice, but Koreans (韩国人) eat their r　⑧　 with a spoon.  ① China　　 ② reasons　　 ③ pot　  ④ knives  ⑤ wood  ⑥ gifts/presents　  ⑦ bowl  ⑧ rice　  2.知识回顾。 上面短文中,加黑及填写的单词是 名词　,它表示人或物的名称或抽象概念,可以在句中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、同位语和状语。  名词可分为 专有　名词(如空格①)和 普通　名词。普通名词分为 可数　名词(如空格②、③、④、⑥、⑦)和 不可数　名词。(如空格⑤和⑧)。  类别 意义 举例 专有名词 表示人名、地名、事物、机构、组织等名称的词 Jack, July, China,Korean, the Nile 普通名词 个体名词 表示个体的人或事物的词 fork,knife,foreigner 集体名词 表示一群人或事物的词 people, police, family 物质名词 表示构成各种物体的物质或者材料的词 silk, wood, bamboo, rice 抽象名词 表示状态、品质、行为、情感等抽象概念的词 health, interest, love 考点1 词义辨析 主要考查学生在具体语境中,对同类名词和不同类名词的词义辨析。解题关键在于读懂语境,理解词义。 1.同类名词考查 (　B　)We have wider 　　　　in our village, so we can go out more easily now.  A.houses　　 B.roads C.schools D.hospitals 2.不同类名词考查 (　C　)(1)(2022·重庆B卷) It’s raining heavily. Please take the 　　　　.  A.stone　　 B.flower C.umbrella D.postcard (　D　)(2)(2020·重庆B卷) I don’t know how to make a speech in public. Can you give me some 　　　　?  A.water B.money C.food D.advice 考点2 名词的数 (一)可数名词 可数名词分为单数和复数。单数通常由a, an, the, one等修饰。复数表示两个及以上概念,通常由few, some, many, a lot of等词或短语修饰。 注意:对可数名词数量提问应用 how many　  1.可数名词复数的规则变化 (1)一般情况下,词尾直接加 -s　  cat— cats　　　　 orange— oranges　  (2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词,加 -es　  bus— buses　 watch— watches　   box— boxes　 dish— dishes　  (3)以辅音字母加y