内容正文:
直接引语与间接引语
一、直接引语和间接引语的特点
直接引语和间接引语是人们用来直接引述或间接转述别人话语的重要形式,这两种形式各有特点。
1.直接引语的特点
直接引语用来直接引述别人的话语,一般说来具有以下五个特点:
(1)被引用的话放在引号内;
(2)被引用的话是原话,不作任何改动;
(3)引用的话之前用“,”或“:”;
(4)引用的话结束后,需用“.”、“!”、“?”等标点符号;
(5)引出直接引语的引述动词常为say(说道),ask(问道),shout(喊道),cry(喊道),order(命令),add(补充道),smile(微笑道),laugh(大笑道)等。
e.g.Laura said,“I would like to visit China this summer.” “Mary will give me a nice present,”Bobbie said.
David said to me,“I have been ill since 1ast week.” Justin asked his mother,“Can I watch TV for a while?”
The girl smiled,“I’m delighted to see you again.”
2.间接引语的特点
间接引讲用来转述别人的话语,它主要有如下几个特点:
(1)在引述谓语和被引用的话语之问不用逗号、冒号、引号等;(2)有时态的变化;
(3)有人称、时间、地点等的变化; (4)常用的引述动词有say(说道),ask(问道),shout(喊道),cry(喊道),order(命令),add(补充道),smile(微笑道),laugh(大笑道)等。
e.g.Mill said that he would stay in China for another year.
The girl asked me if I could help her.
Tamara asked Tanya when they would start off.
二、直接引语与间接引语的转换
直接引语在很多情况下可以转换成间接引语,此时应注意人称、时态、地点状语和时间状语的变化,同时还应注意不同句式的变化。
1.人称的变化
直接引语中的代词变为间接引语时,要根据句意情景进行变化。变化规则如下表所示:
直接引语
间接引语
第一人称
第三人称或第一人称
第二人称
第三人称或第一人称
第三人称
第三人称
e.g.I said,“I won’t lose heart.”→I said that 1 wouldn’t lose heart.
I told Mary,“We will help you out of trouble.”→I told Mary that we would help her out of trouble.
Nancy told her parents,“Evan is a nice boy. He is always ready to help.”→
Nancy told her parents that Evan was a nice boy and that he was always ready to help.
2.时态的变化
主句中谓语动词的时态如果是现在时或将来时,则间接引语中时态和原直接引语的时态一样,不作改变。
e.g.Carson says,“I will have all of you over and enjoy our free and easy time.”→
Carson says that he will have all of us over and enjoy our free and easy time.
(1)时态变化的情况
如果主句为过去的某种时态,则间接引语的时态应相应向前推一个时态,如下表所示:
直接引语
间接引语
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
过去将来时
一般过去时
过去完成时
现在完成时
过去完成时
现在进行时
过去进行时
过去完成时
e.g.Tina said,“I usually get up at six.”→Tim said she usually got up at six.
Martin told me,“I rang Alice yesterday.”→Martin told me that he had rung Alice the day before.
Nina told me,“Lisa is studying abroad.”→