内容正文:
专题一
阅读理解
第四讲
怎样“准”解题(2)—推理判断题(于文有据不妄断)
“立足原文,只推一步”,即根据原文内容,一步即可推得
推理判断题属于深层
正确
次理解类试题,主要考查考
选项
正确选项中一般不包含表示绝对概念的词汇,如only,never,all,
生在理解原文字面意义的
特征
absolutely等,常使用一些表示“模糊”概念的词,如often,usually,
基础上,通过对语篇逻辑
sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably
关系的分析和细节的暗示,
主观臆断没有基于原文进行推断,而是根据常识推断
进行推理,判断的能力。
推理判断题常见的设题
过度
有时作者只是客观地叙述事实,并未做出评论,而一些选项却
角度有推断隐含意义、观点
干扰
推断
主观地进行推断。如提到一样东西贵,并不意味着就买不起
态度、写作意图以及文章
选项
错误
某些细节看似在原文中出现过,但与原文不符,或断章取义,
出处或读者对象。此外,
特征
推断
或因果倒置等
有时也可能考查人物性格、
以细节
写作手法或篇章结构等。
代替推断
只是原文简单的复述,而非推断出来的结论
、推断隐含意义一不被表意遮慧眼
所谓推断隐含意义,就是要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,作出合乎情理的推理与判断,从而
得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。
(一)题型特点
[典例](2023·全国乙卷阅读D节选)
1.常见设问方式
Ideally a history would bring together texts
What can we learn about...?
and objects,and some chapters of this book are
What can be learned from the text?
able to do just that,but in many cases we simply
How does...explain...in paragraph...?
can't.The clearest example of this between
Whatdoes the author indicate by mentioning...?
What can be inferred about...from...?
:
literate and non-literate history is perhaps the
first conflict,at Botany Bay,between Captain
2.常见标志词汇
Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.
题干中常含有infer(推断),indicate(象征,
From the English side,we have scientific reports
暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(表明),conclude】
and the captain's record of that terrible day.
(得出结论),assume(假定,设想),learn from及
From the Australian side,we have only a wooden
know about等动词(短语),或表示可能性的词汇
shield (dropped by a man in flight after his
probably,most likely或表示推测的情态动词
first experience of gunshot.If we want to
can,could,might等。
reconstruct what was actually going on that day,
(二)解题技法
the shield must be questioned and interpreted as
deeply and strictly as the written reports.
第一步分析题干和选项,抓设题点
33.What does the author indicate by mentioning
结合文章脉络结构,查找解题依据,定位
第二步
Captain Cook in paragraph 2?
信息点
A.His report was scientific.
解读文本字面意思,然后进行分析、推理、
B.He represented the local people.
第三步判断,利用逆向思维或正面推理,从而推断
C.He ruled over Botany Bay.
出其中隐含的深层含义
D.His record was one-si