内容正文:
第二部分 语法专题精讲练
专题十 主从复合句
命题点1 宾语从句
山东英语RJ
英语
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考点精讲
宾语从句有三个考查点:①引导词;②语序;③时态。主要分为以下四个方面:
引导词+语序
语序+时态
引导词+语序+时态
引导词
针对此类试题,考生应考虑宾语从句的三要素,具体如下:
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1.语序
从句中必须用陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他部分”。如:
I don't know where he lives.
引导词 主语 谓语
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2.引导词
引导词 作用 例句
that 本身无意义, 在从句中不作成分,
在口语或非正式文体中常省略。 He said(that)he
would go to the
seaside.
if/whether 意为“是否”, 在从句中不作成分,
但不可省略;当句中有or not时
只能用whether。 He asked me
whether/if I could
help
him.
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引导词 作用 例句
连接代词
(what/which/who
/whose/whom等) 在从句中作一定的成分, 如:主
语、宾语、定语等。 Do you know what
they were talking
about just now?
连接副词
(when/where/
why/how等) 在从句中作状语。 Could you tell me
where you are
from?
续表
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3.时态
宾语从句的时态应遵循以下三个原则:
(1)需要性原则:主句若是现在时(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时), 从句时态随句意。如:
I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
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(2)呼应性原则:主句若是过去时(包括一般过去时、过去进行时), 从句用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。如:
He told me that he would take part in the high jump competition.他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。
(3)特殊性原则:若从句表示客观事实或真理, 无论主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。如:
He told me that the earth revolves around the sun.他告诉我地球绕着太阳公转。
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拓展
1.在介词之后,动词不定式之前或与or not连用,只能用whether,不用if。除此之外,whether引导的从句可以放在句首,if则不可以。如:
I can't decide whether to buy this bike or not.
2.宾语从句的否定前移
在宾语从句中,当主语为第一人称,主句的谓语动词为think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose等且无其他修饰语时, 从句中表示否定意义的not应移到这些词之前。如:
I don't think you are right.
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3. 如果复合句中宾语从句很长, 那么可以用it作形式宾语, 以免句子头重脚轻。如:
He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.
4.当what, who, which在宾语从句中作主语时,该句型语序不变。如:
I don't know what's wrong/the matter/the trouble with sb.;
I don't know what happened to sb.;
I don't know which is the way to…
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考点精讲
1.[2023东营]—Do you know ___?
—It's in the desert to the east of Cairo.
A. what the new capital of Egypt is
B. where the new capital of Egypt is
C. how big the new capital of Egypt is
D. why Egypt is getting a new capital
√
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2.[2023北京]—Lily, can you tell me ___ during the Dragon Boat Festival
this year?
—Sure. We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race.
A. what you w