内容正文:
Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures
省略
教材示例
观察并体会下面加黑词汇的语法功能
1.(教材原句)And what a city(it is)—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.
2.(教材原句)My hotel is near downtown,in the Mission District,(which is)one of the oldest parts of the city.
3.(教材原句)This district used to be a poor area of town,but(this district)is now a centre for art,music,and food.
4.(教材原句)(It is)A real mix of cultures here!
5.(教材原句)What great food(it is)!
6.(教材原句)(I)Can't wait!
我的发现
在上面的6个句子中,括号内的加黑部分都可以省略。
为了避免重复,将句子中的一个或几个成分省去,这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。
学生用书↓第79页
一、简单句及并列句中的省略
省略成分
情况说明
主语
在祈使句中和不容易引起歧义的情况下可省略
谓语或谓语的一部分
为了避免与前面已出现过的动词重复常省略
表语
答语或下文中与上文结构相似的表语省略
宾语
省略并列谓语最后一个动词的宾语以外的所有宾语
双宾语动词的直接宾语或间接宾语都可以省略掉一个
Some of us study Japanese;others(study)English.
我们中有些人学习日语,有些人学习英语。
—Do you know Mr Li?
—I don't know(him).
——你认识李先生吗?
——我不认识。
She washed(the shirt),ironed(the shirt),and folded the shirt.
她洗了衬衫,并且把它熨好、折叠好。
Sorry,(you've dialed the)wrong number.
对不起,你拨错号了。
◎巧学活用1
用省略结构改写下列句子
①Is there anyone here to serve us?
→ Anyone here to serve us?
②He is a programmer and I am a programmer,too.
→ He is a programmer and I am,too.
③It sounds interesting.
→ Sounds interesting.
④What a clever boy he is!
→ What a clever boy!
⑤I work in a factory and my brother works on a farm.
→I work in a factory and my brother on a farm.
二、复合句中的省略
1.宾语从句中的省略
在宾语从句中常省略连词that,但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,只有第一个连词that可以省略。
I know(that)she is a teacher and that she is also an excellent writer.
我知道她是一个老师,也是一个优秀的作家。
2.状语从句中的省略
当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it,并且从句谓语中有be动词时,常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。此类状语从句中的省略有如下情况:
(1)在as,before,till,until,when,while等引导的时间状语从句中。
While(I was)walking along the street,I heard my name called.
当我正沿街而行时,我听到有人叫我的名字。
(2)在though,although等引导的让步状语从句中。
Though(they were)tired,they still went on working.
虽然累了,但他们仍旧继续工作。
(3)在if,unless等引导的条件状语从句中。
You shouldn't come to his party unless(you are)invited.
除非被邀请,否则你不应该来参加他的晚会。
(4)在as,as if,as though等引导的方式状语从句中。