Unit 2 Section Ⅳ Grammar-【金版新学案】2023-2024学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅳ　Grammar 复习被动语态 [教材示例] 分析下列加黑部分并体会其语法特征 1．(教材原句)This all changes when he is reunited with his favourite college professor，Morrie Schwartz. 2．(教材原句)On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by a severe illness... 3．(教材原句)After finishing it，I feel I have been given a deeper insight into the world and can see things from a different point of view. 4．(教材原句)While we are living，we tend to get distracted by unimportant things，such as gathering material possessions. 5．(教材原句)Reading this book made me feel as if I’d been woken up from a long sleep... 6．(教材原句)A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book! [探究发现] 1．一般现在时的被动语态由“am/is/are＋动词的过去分词”构成，如句1；现在进行时的被动语态由“am/is/are＋being＋动词的过去分词”构成，如句2；现在 学生用书第47页 完成时的被动语态由“have/has＋been＋动词的过去分词”构成，如句3；过去完成时的被动语态由“had＋been＋动词的过去分词”构成，如句5；一般将来时的被动语态由“will＋be＋动词的过去分词”构成，如句6。 2．句4中to get distracted为动词不定式的被动语态。 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 1．被动语态在各种时态中的构成 时态 被动语态的构成 一般现在时 am/is/are done 一般过去时 was/were done 一般将来时 shall/will be done 现在进行时 am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were being done 现在完成时 have/has been done 过去完成时 had been done 将来完成时 shall/will have been done 2.使用被动语态的几种情况 (1)不知道或不必说出动作的执行者 The bike is quite old. It was bought in 1980. 这辆自行车很旧了。它是在1980年被买下的。 (2)需要强调动作的承受者 Books and newspapers in the reading­room mustn’t be taken away. 阅览室里的书和报纸不能带走。 (3)为使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修辞的需要使用被动语态使句子得以更好安排。 The composition must be handed in by next Friday. 作文必须在下周五之前交上来。 [名师点津]　被动语态中的“by＋动作的执行者”通常可以省去。但如果“by＋动作的执行者”是句子的重点所在，或者没有此部分句子的意思就不完整时，则要保留。 The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They had been cooked too long. 这些蔬菜不太好吃，烧的时间太长了。(不需要动作的执行者) He arrived at the airport，where he was met by his friend. 他到了机场，有朋友来接他。(没有by his friend，句子的意思不完整) ◎巧学活用1——单句语法填空 (1)A meeting will be held(hold) in the office at 8：00 a. m.tomorrow. (2)The idea was supported(support) by those who wished to make much money. (3)This aging of the population is driven(drive) by two factors. (4)My car is bein