UNIT4 Section Ⅳ Grammar-【金版新学案】2023-2024学年新教材高一英语必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅳ　Grammar 动词­ing形式(短语)作状语 [教材示例] 分析下列加黑部分并体会它的语法功能 1．Having seen quite a few productions of Hamlet and read the play many times，I was full of confidence—until the Peking Opera came to town! 2．Dating back to the 18th century，Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. 3．Using such techniques，the opera had transformed a small stage into the whole universe. 4．Many people thought she didn't live up to Helen's title of “the most beautiful woman in the world”，influencing opinions of the movie to some extent. [探究发现] 1．加黑部分组成的短语在句子中作时间状语的是句2；作结果状语的是句4；作原因状语的是句1；作方式状语的是句3。 2．句1中，动词­ing形式为完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。句2，句3和句4中动词­ing形式与句子谓语动词动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生。 3．观察句1～句4可知，动词­ing形式的逻辑主语都是句子的主语，动词­ing形式与句子主语为逻辑上的主谓关系。 一、动词­ing形式作状语的基本用法 动词­ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 1．时间状语 动词的­ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when，while，after引出。 Hearing the result(＝When I heard the result)，I couldn't help jumping. 听到这个结果，我不禁跳了起来。 Having made full preparations(＝After we have made full preparations)，we are ready for the examination. 做了充分的准备之后，我们准备参加考试。 2．原因状语 可以与as/since/because等引导的原因状语从句转换。 Being so excited(＝As he was so excited)，he couldn't go to sleep that night. 由于非常激动，那晚他无法入睡。 Having lived in the city for many years(＝Since I had lived in the city for many years)，I knew it well. 因为在这个城市住了许多年，所以我对它很了解。 学生用书第100页 3.条件状语 可以与if/unless等引导的条件状语从句转换。 Working hard at your lessons(＝If you work hard at your lessons)，you will succeed. 如果你努力学习，就会成功。 Not making good use of the time(＝If you don't make good use of the time)，you'll regret. 如果不好好利用时间，你会后悔的。 4．结果状语 表示必然的结果，它常常位于句末，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句，有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句。 His father died，leaving him a lot of money(＝and left him a lot of money/which left him a lot of money). 他父亲去世了，留给他许多钱。 5．让步状语 可以与although/though引导的让步状语从句转换。 Knowing all this(＝Although they knew all this)，they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 Having made up my mind(＝Though I had made up my mind)，I still wanted to play. 尽管我已下定决心，我仍然想玩。 6．方式或伴随状语 不可以转