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语法专题十二 主从复合句
考点1 宾语从句
宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。
1.语序
宾语从句必须使用陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他部分”。
Do you know where Tom lives?你知道汤姆住哪儿吗?
2.引导词
引导词
用法
that
在从句中无意义,不充当句子成分,在口语中常可省略
连接代词(what/which/who/whose/whom等)
在从句中作一定的成分,如作主语、宾语、定语等
连接副词(when/where/why/how等)
在从句中作状语
if/whether
意为“是否”,不作句子成分,不能省略。句尾有or not时,只能用whether
I believe (that) you will succeed.我相信你会成功。
Lisa wonders what she should do next.莉莎想知道她接下来应该做什么。
Do you know whose coat it is?你知道这是谁的外套吗?
Jessie hasn't decided when she will leave for Paris.杰西还没有决定什么时候出发去巴黎。
I don't know if/whether my sister will come to the party.我不知道我姐姐是否会来参加聚会。
3.时态
(1)主句:一般现在时
从句:根据实际情况使用相应的时态
I hear Joe left/will leave for Beijing yesterday/tomorrow.我听说乔昨天去了北京/明天要去北京。
(2)主句:一般过去时
从句:使用过去的某种时态
Kate said she was going shopping at this time yesterday.凯特说她昨天这个时候在购物。
(3)从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时,不管主句使用什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。
Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun.胡老师说地球绕着太阳转。
4.疑问词+不定式
“疑问词+不定式”结构中的疑问词,包括疑问代词what,which 和疑问副词how, when, where等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语,这种结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。
I really don't know what to write.我真的不知道写什么。
用适当的引导词填空。
1.(2023·四川成都中考改编)—Do you know the Dragon Boat Festival is this year?
—Sorry, I don't know the exact date.
2.(2023·山东东营中考改编)—Do you know the new capital of Egypt is?
—It's in the desert to the east of Cairo.
3.(2023·山东滨州中考改编)—Many students did well in this exam. I wonder
they made it finally.
—Through their own efforts.
4.(2023·四川自贡中考改编)—I want to know you got to Zigong yesterday.
—By highspeed train.
5.(2023·甘肃武威中考改编)—Do you know there's a restroom around here?
—Yes, there's one here. It's in the store.
6.(2023·湖南怀化中考改编)—Jenny, do you know the woman in red is from?
—She is from Canada.
7.(2023·江苏连云港中考改编)—Sarah, do you know World Book Day is?
—It's on April 23.
考点2 关系从句
关系从句,也叫定语从句,是在复合句中作定语的从句。被关系从句修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于关系从句之前。引导关系从句的有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose和关系副词when, where, why。考生可按以下步骤解答此类题目:
首先,根据语境分析句子结构,找出先行词;
其次,判断先行词指人还是物,缩小