Unit 1 词汇+语法(一般过去时)2023-2024学年人教版八年级英语上册

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 词汇篇 知识梳理: 1、复合不定代词:由some-,any-,every-,no-与-one,-body,-thing构成的代词称为符合不定代词。这些词在句中的作用相当于名词,可作主语、宾语、表语等.复合不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 -one -body -thing Some- someone somebody something Any- anyone anybody anything Every- everyone everybody everything No- No one nobody nothing ①有body和one的只用来指人,可互换。 Somebody/someone has left his/their handbag . ②有thing的只用来指事物 Everything is ready,isn’t it? ③ somebody, someone,something用于肯定句,anything,anyone,anybody用于否定句,疑问句. 当some-一类复合不定代词用于否定句、疑问句和条件句时,往往表示希望对方给予肯定的答复,表示肯定的意义。 If you don’t know the answer,ask somebody/someone else. I seem not to have remembered anything that just happened. Can someone come over and do me a favor? ④ anything表示“任何事物,无论何事(物)”, anyone,anybody表示“无论谁,任何人”等意义时,他们可以用于肯定句中。 If anybody calls, tell him I’m out,but take down his name and phone number. ⑤复合不定代词后加’s 构成所有格 Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. ⑥复合不定代词后常加else,表示“另外...的”。 Everybody else but me agreed to their suggestion. 2. something、 anything、nothing、everything+形容词,例如:something special 3、 特殊用法 Somebody,anybody可指一点地位或小有名气的人物;nobody指没有地位的人或默默无闻的人物;something往往指了不起的东西;nothing指无关紧要的东西。 The grand bridge is really something. 注意: (1) 、Everyone与every one 的区别 Everyone“每个人、人人”,只可指人;every one 指“每个”、“个个”,既可以指人,也可以指物。 Everyone 不可以与of短语,但是every one 后可加of短语。Anyone和any one 的用法与everyone every one用法相似。 Every one of us objected to the new plan. (2) 、everything,everyone,everybody的肯定和否定,三个词常用于肯定句,用于否定句时常表示部分否定,完全否定用nobody, no one,none,nothing。 Not everything that you possess is the best. No one, nobody, none, nothing用在疑问句中:这四个词引起的疑问句,所期待的回答通常是“no”。 Is there nothing serious? No, nothing at all. (3) 拓展:something构成的习惯用法 Something like 大约,左右 Something of 有几分 or something(放在名词后,表示没有把握)诸如此类,或什么的。 3.quite和very的区别 ①quite+a/an, a/an+very It it quite a cold day. It’s a very good idea. ②quite可以修饰a lot, a few , a little ,a bit,不能用very,very可以修饰few,little. Quite a few people have caught cold in such bad weather. Very few people can live to be 100. 4、few,a fe