内容正文:
第二部分 语法专题精讲练
专题一 动词
命题点4 动词的语态
(8年16考)
四川英语
英语
1
考点精讲
动词的语态主要在选择填空中考查, 除2017年外每年必考1道。短文
填空、完成对话和补全单词中也会少量涉及, 主要考查填过去分词。
2
1. 主动语态变被动语态的方法
口诀:宾变主, 主变宾, 谓语动词用被动。
3
常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况
主动语态中有些感官动词(如:hear, see, watch, notice等)和使役动
词(如:make, let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语, 变为被动语
态时, 要把不定式符号to还原, 如:
hear/see sb. do sth.→ sb. be heard/seen to do sth.
make sb. do sth.→ sb. be made to do sth.
4
2. 被动语态的构成
被动语态的结构为“主语(动作的承受者)+助动词be+及物动词的过
去分词”。常见的被动语态结构如下:
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时
(8年5考) We clean the classroom every day. The classroom is cleaned by us
every day. (am/is/are done)
一般过去时
(8年4考) Qian Zhongshu wrote the book. The book was written by Qian
Zhongshu. (was/were+done)
5
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般将来时
(8年3考) They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them
tomorrow. (will/shall/be going
to+be done)
现在完成时
(8年2考) Kelly has cleaned the room. The room has been cleaned by
Kelly.(have/has been+done)
含情态动词
(8年2考) We shouldn’t throw waste paper here. Waste paper shouldn’t be thrown here.(情态动词+be done)
续表
6
3. 使用被动语态的情况
使用情况 例句
不知道动作的执行者是谁 This watch was made in China.
没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁 Smoking isn’t allowed here.
7
使用情况 例句
需要强调或突出动作的承受者时 Chinese is now spoken all around the world.
出于礼貌而不说出动作的执行者 My glass was broken this morning.
动作的发出者不是人 Many houses were washed away by the flood last year.
续表
8
4. 主动结构表被动意义的情况
(1)open, lock, write, read, sell, wash, clean, watch, cut, burn,
drive等作不及物动词时, 它们的主语为物, 可用主动结构表被动意义。如:
This kind of pen writes very smoothly.
(2)look, sound, taste, smell 等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。如:
Mooncakes taste delicious.
9
(3)be worth doing 意为“值得做”, 用主动结构表被动意义。如:
This book is worth reading.
(4)“need/require+doing”相当于“need/require+to be done”, to be done是
不定式的被动结构。如:
Your car needs washing.=Your car needs to be washed.
10
考点精练
一、选择填空
易错点专练
1. The speech that our teacher gave yesterday is truly worth ___.
A. listening to B. listened to C. listening
2. Clothes made of silk ___ softer than those made of cotton.
A. are felt B. feel C. are fe