专题一 第四讲 主旨大意题——不被“浮云”遮眼（课件PPT）-【新高考方案】2024年高考英语二轮复习专题增分方略（老教材）

主旨大意题—— 不被“浮云”遮眼 第四讲 主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。此题型在文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中抽取、提炼一些关键词、主题句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。所以，遇到主旨大意题时切勿草率作答，一定要读完、读通文章后再做判定，建议考生把此类题目放到最后来做。此类题型可分为三大类，即标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。其选项具有以下特点： 1．正确选项特征 涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段 确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小 精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩 2．干扰选项特征 过于笼统， 不知所云 所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出全文或全段所述内容 以偏概全， 主次不分 所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点 移花接木， 偷换概念 所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案 无中生有， 生搬硬套 所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中提到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系 续表 题型(一)　标题归纳题——高度概括 1．常见设问方式 ·Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ·What would/could be the best title for the passage? ·Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? 2．最佳标题的3大特点 概括性 准确而又简短 针对性 标题外延正好与文章内容相符 醒目性 能引发读者的阅读兴趣 3．活用4大方法解题 关键词法 多次出现的词语或观点是体现主旨的关键词 主题句法 依主题句定中心词 穿珠串联法 从文章细节中找共同点，如同穿珠般，串联细节共同点，确定标题 逆向思维法 考虑四个选项的可能内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳标题 [例1]　(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读B篇) Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce，and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they gro