专题四 第二讲 重点释解“谓语动词与非谓语动词”（课件PPT）-【新高考方案】2024年高考英语二轮复习专题增分方略（老教材）

重点释解“谓语 动词与非谓语动词” 第二讲 一、从概念认知上——辨清谓语动词与非谓语动词 (一)什么是谓语动词与非谓语动词 谓语动词指的是在句子中充当谓语的动词，主要包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词，另外，某些动词短语也可以作谓语。谓语动词的形式主要体现为16种时态的动词形式(如do, does, did, have done等)。 非谓语动词指的是在句子中不能单独作谓语的动词，它没有人称和数的变化，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(含现在分词与过去分词)。非谓语动词具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。其形式一般为to do, doing, done及其相应的时态、语态变化形式(如to be done, having done等)。 [例1]　(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao ________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents ... 分析：分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。根据空前的时间状语In the last five years可知，句子应用现在完成时，且主语Cao表示单数意义，与walk之间为主动关系，故填has walked。 [例2]　(2021·全国甲卷) We ________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.My bike was old and shaky but did the job. 分析：分析句子结构可知，hire应在句中作谓语。下文谓语动词was和did使用了过去时，故空处也需用过去时。故填hired。 [例3]　(2021·全国乙卷短文改错)I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whenever necessary. 分析：句中and连接两个并列的谓语动词，故把tidying改成tidy。 [例1]　(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, ________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 分析：分析句子结构可知，begins是句子的谓语动词，空处为非谓语，与逻辑主语her fable之间是主谓关系，所以空处填现在分词borrowing。 [例2]　(2021·浙江1月高考)In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. 分析：根据语境可知，该句谓语动词为had，故此空应填study的非谓语动词形式。此处作countries的后置定语；而countries与study之间为动宾关系，故填studied。 [例3]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. 分析：句中已有谓语动词cheered，且say与谓语之间无连词连接，所以say只能用非谓语动词形式，注意逗号不能连接两个句子。因主语players与say之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词形式作伴随状语。故将say改为saying。 (三)通过6组易混示例，理清谓语动词和非谓语动词 [题组1] 示例 ①He volunteered to help control traffic, ______ (donate) an hour of his time every week. ②He volunteered to help control traffic, and ______ (donate) an hour of his time every week 分析 两句的差别是连词and。分析句子结构可知，①句中空格处为现在分词作状语；②句中空格处由and连接与volunteered并列作谓语。故①填donating；②填donated。 [题组2] 示例 ①_