内容正文:
Unit9 It’s important to have good habits.
Section A (Grammar Focus-4c)语法专项突破
语法专项突破
语法精讲
动词不定式
一、构成
动词不定式由不定式符号to + 动词原形构成, 其否定结构直接在to前加not。
二、特征
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式, 没有人称和数的变化。
三、用法
1. 作宾语。
动词不定式(短语)可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语, 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有: begin, start, want, forget, remember, learn, like, hate, love等。
2. 作宾语补足语。
(1)带“to”的不定式作宾语补足语: tell/ask/want/would like/wish/like/invite/encourage/teach sb. to do sth. 等。
(2)省略“to”的不定式作宾语补足语: 常跟在let, make, see等感官动词或使役动词后面。
(3)可带“to”也可省略“to”的help sb. (to) do sth. 。
3. 作定语。
动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词, 位于所修饰的词后, 作后置定语。
4. 作目的状语。
动词不定式作目的状语常用在go, come, hurry等不及物动词后, 表目的。
5. 和某些形容词连用。经常和动词不定式连用的形容词有sure, ready, happy, sorry, afraid 等。
6. 和疑问词构成不定式短语作宾语。
【助记】巧记后跟动词不定式作宾语的动词
三个希望两答应(hope, wish, want, agree, promise)
计划提出莫拒绝(plan, offer, refuse)
设法学会做决定(manage, learn, decide)
选择支付失败了(choose, afford, fail)
7.不带to的不定式的使用
动词不定式通常带to,但在有些搭配中不带to,在另一些搭配中可带to可不带to。归纳起来,以下情况下使用不带to不定式:
1)在can/could,/may/might,will/would,shall/should,must,need,dare等情态动词之后,动词不定式不带to。
2)在表示感觉意义的动词,如see初中英语语法总结,feel,watch,notice,smell,hear,observe等后,或是表示“致使”意义的动词,如have,let,make等后,动词不定式不带to。例如:
1.I often heard him say that he would study hard.
2.I must have him see his own mistakes.
但是,当这类结构转换为被动语态时,后面的不带to不定式一般转换为带to不定式。
例如:
1.He was often heard to say that he would study hard.
2.After he had finished speaking,he was made to answer innumerable questions.
3)在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式,也可用带to的不定式。例如:
1.Help the old lady(to)carry the heavy box.
4)在had better,would rather,may/might as well,rather than,can not but等搭配之后初中英语语法总结,动词不定式也不带to。例如:
1.Unless you feel to ill to go out,I would rather not stay at home tonight.
2.She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour.
5)在make do,make believe,let drop,1et fall,1et fly,let slip,let drive,let go off,hear say,hear tell,leave go of等固定搭配中,用不带to的动词不定式。例如:
1.They let go of the rope.他们松开了绳子。
2.John let fly a torrent of abuse at me.约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。
3.I've heard tell of him.我听说过他。
4.Some of the faculty were let go for lack of the students.由于生源不足,一些教职员工被解雇了。
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