2024年仁爱科普版英语中考 语法 被动语态 和 介词 考点 复习 课件

专题七　被动语态 知识1　被动语态的结构 　　被动语态的基本结构为“be+动词的过去分词”。各种时态的被动语态结构如下表。 时态 被动语态 例句 一般现 在时 am/is/are+ done I am always called “the little scientist” because of my talent for science. 由于我在科学上的天赋,我总是被叫作“小小科学家”。 The living room is usually cleaned by me.客厅通常是由我打扫的。 Computers are used everywhere.电脑被普遍使用。 一般过 去时 was/were+done Computers were invented in 1946.电脑是1946年被发明的。 The kite was made by him.这个风筝是由他制作的。 一般将 来时 will be done Trees will be planted by students in Grade 8 tomorrow. 明天树将由八年级的同学们种植。 A new park will be built in the area. 新的公园将在这个区域建造。 现在进 行时 am/is/are+being done The questions are being discussed at the meeting now. 这些问题现在正在会上被讨论。 —Mum,is dinner ready? I am hungry. —It is being cooked. ——妈妈,晚餐做好了吗?我饿了。 ——正在做。 过去进 行时 was/were+being done I was being taught to make my first cake at that moment. 当时我正在被教授制作我的第一个蛋糕。 The houses were being built this time last year. 这些房子去年这个时候还在修建。 现在完 成时 have/has+been done His bikes have been sold out. 他的自行车都已卖完了。 The work has been finished by Jim. 工作已经由吉姆完成了。 知识2　被动语态的用法 一、基本用法 　　在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况: 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。如: This watch was made in China. 这块手表是在中国制造的。 2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如: More trees must be planted every year.每年都必须种更多的树。 3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如: Chinese is spoken by many people around the world. 世界各地有许多人说汉语。 4.动作的发出者不是人而是物时。如: Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。 二、主动语态和被动语态的转换 1.主动语态变为被动语态 ⑴要将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人 称代词,要将宾格变成主格。 ⑵把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格代词变成宾格代词,并 由by引出。 ⑶谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。如: (主动)We asked him to sing an English song. (被动)He was asked to sing an English song by us. 2.带双宾语的谓语动词的主动语态变为被动语态 谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转换成主语,也可以将直接 宾语转换成主语。 ⑴若将间接宾语转换成主语,则保留直接宾语。 (主动)She gave me a book. (被动)I was given a book by her.(间接宾语me改为主语) ⑵若将直接宾语转换成主语,则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。 (主动)She gave me a book. (被动)A book was given to me by her.(直接宾语a book改为主语) 专题九　介词 知识1　方式介词:by, with, in和on 1.by指“靠……手段”“用……方法”“凭借……动作”,所用的方 法、手段、途径比较抽象,后接名词、代词或动名词。 He earns his living by writing.他靠写作