Unit 1 When was it invented Section A (Grammar Focus-4c)语法专项突破 2023-2024学年鲁教版(五四学制)九年级英语全册

Unit 1　When was it invented? Section A (Grammar Focus-4c)语法专项突破 语法专项突破 【语法精讲】 一般过去时的被动语态 一、含义及构成 　　一般过去时的被动语态表示主语是过去某个动作的承受者, 谓语动词由“was/were + 动词的过去分词”构成。 They have collected more than 14, 000 books since the library was built last month. 自从上个月图书馆建立以来他们已经收藏了超过14 000本图书。 二、句式结构 句式 构　成 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (+ by. . . ). 否定句 主语 + was/were not + 过去分词 (+by. . . ). 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by. . . )? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + was/were (+ 主语) + 过去分词 (+by. . . )? 三、含双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态的方法 1. buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等变为被动语态 (1)把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语, 直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语); (2)把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语, 间接宾语改为介词to或for引导的宾语。 比较: *He gave her some money. →She was given some money. →Some money was given to her. *He bought her a watch. →She was bought a watch. →A watch was bought for her. 2. bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等变被动语态, 通常用直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语, 将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for) *Father made me a doll. →A doll was made for me. *He wrote her a letter. →A letter was written to her. 【语法集训】 Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The library building was designed (design) by a young man in 2023.   2. The people in the earthquake area were provided (provide) with food and medicine from all over the world last month.   3. Shenzhou was sent(send)into space on 16 October, 2023.   4. These machines were made (make) in their factory by themselves last year.   5. My advice on how to save water was accepted (accept) by my class last week.   单项选择 1. (2022·石家庄质检)A new club ______in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.   A. starts　　　　　　　 B. is started C. has started D. was started 【解析】选D。考查动词的时态和语态。句意: 一个新俱乐部今年年初在我们学校被开设了, 现在它有许多成员。club与start之间构成被动关系, 使用被动语态; 根据at the beginning of this year可知, 用一般过去时。因此, 使用一般过去时的被动语态, 结构为“was/were+过去分词”。 2. We ______to reach for our dreams in the graduation ceremony last week.   A. encourage B. are encouraged C. encouraged D. were encouraged 【解析】选D。考查动词的时态和语态。句意: 在上周的毕业典礼上, 我们被鼓励去追寻自己的梦想。根据las