内容正文:
第二部分 语法专题精讲练
专题一 动词
命题点5 动词的语态
广西英语RJ
英语
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(单项选择: 2020.40;选词填空: 2023.78)
考点精讲
动词的语态表示主语和宾语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态中主语是谓语动作的执行者,被动语态中主语是谓语动作的承受者。
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1.被动语态的结构
主语(动作的承受者)+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。常见的被动语态结构如下:
时 态 被动语态结构 例 句
一般现
在时 am/is/are
done We clean the classroom every day.(主
动)
→The classroom is cleaned by us
every day.(被动)
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时 态 被动语态结构 例 句
一般过
去时 was/were
done Qian Zhongshu wrote the book.(主
动)
→The book was written by Qian
Zhongshu.(被动)
一般将
来时 will/shall/be
going to
be done They will plant trees tomorrow.(主
动)
→Trees will be planted by them
tomorrow.(被动)
续表
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时 态 被动语态结构 例 句
含情态
动词 情态动词+be
done We shouldn't throw waste paper here.
(主动)
→Waste paper shouldn't be thrown
here by us. (被动)
现在完
成时 have/has+been
done Tom has washed those clothes.(主
动)
→Those clothes have been washed by
Tom.(被动)
续表
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2.主动语态变被动语态的方法
口诀:宾变主,主变宾,谓语动词用被动。
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3.使用被动语态的情况
(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。如:
Rice is grown in the south of China. 水稻被种植在中国南方。
(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者。如:
Smoking isn't allowed in the gas station. 加油站里不允许吸烟。
(3)需要强调和突出动作的承受者。如:
Your work must be finished today. 你(们)的工作今天必须完成。
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(4)句子的主语是物。如:
Many houses were washed away by the floods. 许多房屋被洪水冲走了。
(5)出于礼貌而不说出动作的执行者。如:
My glass was broken this morning. 我的玻璃杯今天早上被摔碎了。
(6)有些动词习惯上只用于被动语态。如:
Lisa was born in Germany. 丽萨出生在德国。
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4.主动结构表被动意义的情况
(1)动词open, lock, write, read, sell, wash, clean, watch, cut, burn, drive等作不及物动词,且它们的主语为物时,可用主动结构表被动意义。如:
This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
(2)某些系动词(如look, sound, taste, smell)等描述某物特性时。如:
Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。
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(3)sth. be worth doing结构中,doing表示被动意义。如:
This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
(4)“need/require+doing”相当于“need/require+to be done”,to be done 是不定式的被动结构。如:
Your car needs washing.=Your car needs to be washed. 你的汽车需要清洗了。
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不能使用被动语态的情况
1.不及物动词(短语)没有被动语态,常见的有
happen, take place, belong to等;
2.表示状态的动词没有被动语态,常见的有have, own, fail, cost, fit, last(持续)等;
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3.祈使句一般没有被动语态;
4.反身代词在句中作宾语时,不能用被动语态;
5.当及物动词leave, enter, reach等的宾语是表示地点和处所名词时,不能用被动语态。
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考点精练
一、单项选择
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