2024年广东省深圳市中考总复习17：定语从句和巩固练习

2024中考总复习17:定语从句和巩固练习 【语法要点】 要点一:定语从句的定义 在复合句中起定语作用,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that和关系副词when, why, where。关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用,又充当从 句中的成分。例如: 引导词 A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. 主句 先行词 定语从句 要点二:关系代词的用法 1. who指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如: Do you know the girl who often comes here? 2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。若前面有介词,则whom不可省略,也不可用who或that替换。例如: He is the boy (whom) I talked with just now. I know the girl with whom you went shopping yesterday. 3. which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略;但若前面有介词,则which不可省略,也不可用that。例如: I like the books which were written by Lu Xun. The desks (which) we made last year were very good. This is the house in which we lived last year. 4. that既可指人,又可指物。指人时相当于who或whom;指物时相当于which,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。例如: I saw the man who/that closed the door. The school (which/that) we visited yesterday is a famous one in Shanghai. 5. whose通常指人,也可指物。在从句中作定语,whose后必须加上名词。例如: Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing. I live in a house whose windows face the south. 提醒:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 要点三:只用that的情况 1. 当先行词是all, few, little, much, something, everything, nothing, none等不定代词时,只能 用that引导。 例如: All that he said is true. Is there anything that you don’t understand? 2. 当先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same修饰时,只能用that。例如: This is the only gift that my mother bought for me. That is the very dress that I want to buy. 3. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,只能用that。例如: This is the best book that I have ever read. This is the second book that I have read. 4. 当先行词既包括人又包括物时,只能用that。例如: We talked about the people and things that we remembered. 5. 当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时,只能用that。例如: Who is that woman that is standing under the tree? Which is the hotel that you like best? 要点四:关系副词的用法 1. when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。例如: People will always remember the time when Hong Kong and Macao returned to China. 2. where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。例如: The place where we are going to have the speech contest has not been decided ye