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专题22 名词(原卷版)
一、名词变复数的规则和不规则变化
二、名词所有格
三、名词修饰名词
考点1 名词变复数的规则和不规则变化
可数名词复数变化规律
a) 一般情况下词尾直接加-s,比如book-books, apple-apples
b) 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词,通常词尾加-es,比如:bus-buses, box-boxes( stomach除外,它的复数是stomachs)
c) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,将y改为i再加-es,比如:city-cities
d) 以o结尾的名词,有些词尾加-es,有些加-s。中学阶段所学的结尾加-es的主要有以下几个:tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes,mango-mangoes.
e) 以f或者fe结尾的名词,有些在词尾加-s,有些将f/fe改为v后再加-es。我们所见到的改f/fe为v加-es的主要有以下单词:
wife( wives ), life( lives ), knife( knives), half( halves),
self( selves), shelf( shlves ), wolf(wolves)
f) 某些名词的单复数是一样的,这类名词不多,主要有:
sheep, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese, people
g) 有些名词单数变复数时,没有一定的规则的,需要特别记忆:
child-children tooth-teeth foot-feet mouse-mice
h) 变man为men:
man-men woman-women Frenchman-Frenchmen法国人 Englishman-Englishmen英国人
【注意】German-Germans 是陷阱
i) 由man或woman作为第一部分的复数名词,两部分皆变:
man driver- men drivers, woman doctor-women doctors
j) 只有复数形式的名词:
由两部分组成:pants, trousers, jeans, shorts, glasses, chopsticks, scissors, socks, gloves等
既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但意义不同
room(空间)—rooms(房间)
work(工作)—works(著作)
glass(玻璃)—glasses(眼镜)
time(时间)—-times(倍数,次数,时代)
paper(纸)—papers(试卷,证件,报纸)
fruit(水果)—fruits(各种水果)
(2023·江苏南京·中考真题)8 There are four ways to travel from London to Amsterdam and the best ____________because the journey takes only four hours.
A.choice B. subject C.question D.purpose
(2023·江苏南京·中考真题)44. People think that Chinese knots can bring them pleasure or good _______(幸运).
(2023·江苏南京·中考真题)49. In Nanjing, it is common to see senior __________(citizen) playing chess in the sun or enjoying a radio show in the park.
(2023·江苏常州·中考真题)6. After she was brought back to China, the sick giant panda Ya Ya received good ________ in her new home and got better.
A. education B. communication C. entertainment D. treatment
(2023·江苏连云港·中考真题)49. In today’s DIY class, students made cards in different __________(形状).
(2023·江苏连云港·中考真题)65. Papermaking is one of the four great __________ from ancient China.