专题 07形容词和副词-2024初中英语中考语法复习

形容词、副词 知识概述 形容词是指那些用来描述或修饰名词(或代词)的一类词.一般放在其所修饰的名词之前.在句中用作定语、表语、补语、状语等.多数形容词具有原级、比较和最高等级.用来说明事情发生时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词.可用以修饰动词、形容词、句子以及其他副词的词.副词同样具有原级、比较和最高等级. 考点归纳 1.形容词的一般用法 1)作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面.如: It's a cold and(有风的)windy day. 2)作表语,放在系动词的后面.如: He looks happy today. His voice sounds(甜) sweet. 3)形容词修饰 something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后.如: Would you like(一些热的东西)something hot to drink? 4)表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后.如: -How long is the river? -It's about(三百米长) three hundred meters long. 5)只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;alone独自的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;well健康的;ill病的;frightened害怕的.如: This morning when I got up, he was still asleep Please wake him up. 6)只能作定语的形容词:little小的;only 唯一的;wooden 木质的;woolen 羊毛质的;elder年长的.如: My(兄长) elder brother is in Chongqing. 7)貌似副词的形容词:lonely孤独的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的.如: The(孤独) lonely old man lives alone on the(荒)lonely island. 8)复合形容词:English-speaking 说英语的;full-time全日制的;well-known众所周知的;kind-hearted 善良的;man-made人造的;take-away可以带走的;ten-year-old十岁的.如: He has been in an(讲英语的)English-speaking country, so his spoken English is very good. 9)多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为: 限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)-描绘词(大小,长短,形状,新旧,长幼,颜色)-出处-材料性质-类别-名词.如: A dirty old black shirt. 2.常见形容词用法辨析 1)ill, sick ill 只作表语,后不能加人或物.而sick可作表语,又可作定语,后可加人或物.如: He is(生病的)ill/sick .He is a(生病的) sick boy. 2)alone, lonely alone既是形容词又是副词.作“单独的”讲时,只能作表语.alone作副词时.相当于 by oneself,“单独地”“独自”.而lonely 只作形容词.是“孤独的、寂寞的、荒凉的”之意.既可作定语也可作表语.如: (她单身一人但她从不觉得孤独.)She is alone but she never feels lonely. (我将独自去那儿.)I'll go there alone. 3)good, well, fine good是形容词,指品质好,质量好;well通常作副词,常修饰动词,作形容词时是指身体好;fine也是形容词,常指天气好,身体好.如: He is a good student, for he studies English well. Don't worry. I'm well /fine/OK .I can go to school. 4)high, tall high表示“物高”;tall指“人高”或“物高”;指细长的物体时常用tall而不用high.如: The mountain is very high. Yao Ming is very tall. 5)few, a few, little, a little (1)用作形容词: 含义用法 表示肯定 表示否定 用于可数名词复数 a few虽少,但有几个 few不多,几乎没有 用于不可数名词 a little,虽少,但有一点 little 不多,没有什么 如:I'm going to buy(一些