专题 03代词-2024初中英语中考语法复习

代词 知识概述 代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词.按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等.人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别.物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种.形容词性物主代词可做定语.名词性物主代词可做宾语、表语等.指示代词可做主语、宾语、表语等.反身代词可做同位语、宾语.不定代词可做主语、宾语和表语. 考点归纳 1.人称代词 1)人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所示. 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二称 you you you you 第三人称 he she it him her it they them 2)人称代词有主格和宾格之分.通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语.如: (我)I like table tennis. Do you know (他) him ? 注意 英语习惯上的用法.当两个以上的人称代词作主语时,其并列时其排列顺序一般为you, he, she, I,而复数时为we, you, they:如男女并列时,应先男后女,如:He and she...如果在表示不好意思,承担责任时,单数时用,I, he, she, you,复数时用They, you, we,如:Tom and I are good friends. 3)人称代词还可作表语.作表语时用宾格.如: -Who is knocking at the door?-It's(我) me. 4)人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以.如: He is older than(我)me/I. 2.物主代词 1)表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词.物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,如下表所示. 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 单数 第一人称 my mine 第二人称 your yours 第三人称 his her its his hers its 复数 第一人称 our ours 第二人称 your yours 第三人称 their theirs 2)形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语.如: (we) Our teacher is coming to see us. This is (she) her pencil-box. 3)名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语.如: (we) Our school is here, and theirs is there. -Is this English book (you) yours ? No.(I) Mine is in (I) my bag. I've already finished my homework. Have you finished (your) yours? 3.指示代词 指示代词包括:this, that, these, those. 1)this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人,如: This is a pen and that is a pencil. We are busy(这) these days. In(那)those days the workers had a hard time. 2)有时that 和those 指前面讲到过的事物,this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物.如: I had a cold. That is why I didn't come. 3)有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替.如: The trees here are as tall as those in Chongqing. 4)this在电话用语中代表自己,that则代表对方.如: Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? Who is that speaking? 4.反身代词 反身代词的人称、数,如下表所示. 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself herself itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语.如: Would you please express yourself in English? Help(你们) yourselves to some fish, please. It does