专题 01冠词-2024初中英语中考语法复习讲义

冠词 知识概述 冠词是限定词的一种,不能单独使用,只能依附于一个名词帮助说明这个名词的含义.不定冠词用来表示一类事物中泛指的某一事物,而定冠词则用于特指的某一个或某些事物,可用于不可数名词、可数名词单数及可数名词复数前,也可用于形容词前,表示一类人或物.冠词有三种形式:不定冠词a(an),定冠词(the)和零冠(即 不使用冠词).其中不定冠词a用在辅音(音素)之前,an用在元音(音素)之前. 考点归纳 1.不定冠词a/an 的用法 1)a和an 均用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物.如: John is a student. Mary is an English teacher (1)注意特别在一些单一字母前,其音素的概念更加突出.如: an “l”, an “m”, an “n”, an “s” an “h”, an “x”, a “u”. (2)直些单词首字母不发意,则以后面的字母发意为進.如: an honest boy, an hour, a European country, a usual person, an unusual person. 2)指某一类人或事物中的任何一个.如: A steel worker makes steel. Pass me an apple, please. 3)指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或物.如: A student wants to see you. A girl is waiting for you outside. 4)表示“每一”的意思,相当于 every.如: Take the medicine three times a day. They go to see their parents once a week. 5)首次提到某人某物,不定冠词起介绍作用.如: Many years ago an old man lived in a small village. 6)也可用于不可数的物质名词和抽象名词之前,使其具体化.如: I would like a drink. We have a look at the strange guy. 7)某些固定短语中,要用不定冠词.如: have a good time, in a hurry, have a break, for a while, take an active part in. 注意 不定冠词用在序数词前表“又”的意思,相当于 another.如: a third bridge =another bridge. 2.定冠词用法 1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物.如: The book on the desk is an English dictionary. Beijing is the capital of China. 2)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物.如: Open the door, please. As you know, Jack is in the library. 3)上文提到过的人或事物.如: Yesterday John's father bought him a dictionary. The dictionary cost him 120 yuan. 4)表示世界上独一无二的事物.如: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. The earth runs around the sun. 5)用在序数词和形容词最高级之前.如: Shanghai is the biggest city in China. January is the first month of the year. 6)用在某些形容词之前,表示某一类人或事物.如: The nurse is kind to the sick. We should take good care of the old. 注意 the 加形容词表一类人时,其谓语是复数.表一类物时,其谓语是单数.如: The poor are (be) much more than the rich. The beautiful is (be) still there. 7)用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中.如: the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, in the morning, in the open air. 8)用在姓氏复数之前,表示“某某一家人”.如: the Browns= the Brown family. 9)在江河、海洋、山脉等地理名词前及由普通名词构成的专有名词前.如: the Nile, the Pacific Ocea