内容正文:
(5)现在完成时——2024届中考英语时态集中突破
一、概念
表示动作从某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,或者刚刚终止,或者可能仍然要继续下去。
二、句式构成
1.肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他
She has been to Shanghai.
她去过上海.
I have finished doing my homework.
我已经完成我的作业了.
2.否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他
I haven’t seen this film.
我没有看过这部电影.
She hasn’t finished doing his homework.
她还没有完成她的作业.
3.一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他
Have you seen this film?
Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
你看过这部电影吗?
是的, 看过. / 不, 没有.
4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)
Who has finished doing his homework?
谁完成了作业?
三、用法
1.现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在。
I have already posted the photo.
我已经邮寄出了照片。
2.现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻,持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。
He has lived here since 1978.
自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。
(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)
四、一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
1.现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果,而一般过去时与现在没有联系,只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。
2.一般过去时通常与具体明确的过去时间状语连用。如yesterday, last week , two years ago,just now,in 2002 等;而现在完成时则常与just ,already ,ever ,never等模糊的过去时间状语和these days ,this week ,since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。
五、过去分词的变化
规则变化
1.一般情况下,在词尾直接加“ed”。
work---worked---worked
visit---visited---visited
2. 以“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”。
live---lived---lived
3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词,将"y" 变为"i" ,再加“ed”。
study---studied---studied
cry---cried---cried
4. 重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”。
stop---stopped---stopped
drop---dropped--dropped
不规则变化需要单独记忆
shine---shined/shone---shined/shone
speed---sped/speeded---sped/speeded
即学即练:
1.—Mike, why are you standing outdoors?
—I ______ my keys. I have to wait here until my mother comes back.
A. have lost B. will lose C. had lost D. lose
2.Kitty and Mary________ pen friends since 2014.
A.are B.have been C.were D.will be
3.Not only he but also I _____ the movie before.
A. see B. sees C. have seen D. has seen
4.—China's high-speed railway technology is leading the world now.
—That is true. It______ rapidly in the past few years.
A. was developed B.developed
C.has developed D.will develop
5.Chinese people tried all the way they could think of _______ the country and great chan