专题03 【第11期】一模考试阅读理解说明文押题15篇-2024届新高考名校试题分类整理

《2024届新高考名校试题分类整理》 专题03 【第11期】一模考试阅读理解说明文押题15篇 原卷版 押题预测：沙漠蚂蚁智能化导航，SUV太阳能汽车，垂直睡眠仓，电子垃圾问题。 满分策略：第一步：关注说明文结构特点，尤其是首段和每段段首，因为说明文多采用“倒三角形”结构； 第二步：快速定位原文，找到对应的段落、句子，仔细把“原文+题干和选项”三对照，去伪存真作答；遇到重要长难句学会用括号法快速删繁就简，找到核心内容。 第三步：关注句间衔接，紧扣段落中心。英语文章中有大量的词汇是作者用来联系句子的，从而使整篇文章前后贯通、语义明确。标志词（signal words）就是表明句子间和段落间的逻辑关系，具有词义、语法结构标志作用的词或词组。 遇到写作手法题，注意定位段落，寻找对应的关键词，比如说for instance就是“举例法”，like, unlike, compared to…就是“比较法”等。 遇到文章出处题，多结合文章内容，如说明文多来自“新闻报道类”； 遇到预测下一段内容多关注最后一段甚至最后一句，往往是“意犹未尽”，需要在下一段就这一话题继续阐明。 遇到段落大意或主旨大意题，一是定位段落，二是寻找文章关键词，三是比对选项，先淘汰话题内容太偏颇，太空泛、太具体选项； 遇到标题概括题，一要关联文章首段，尤其是Now, But, However之后内容；二要运用“排除法”逐步缩小范文，三要淘汰话题内容太偏颇，太空泛、太具体选项，突出“新颖性+简洁性+概括性”。 押题目标：限时6-8分钟，目标百分百正确。加油，开始吧！ 1（2023·全国·模拟预测）Some ants have figured out how to avoid getting lost: build taller anthills, according to a recent study. Desert ants living in the hot, flat salt pans of Tunisia spend their days looking for food and reach as far as 1.1 kilometers from their nests. To find their way home, desert ants use a navigation system, relying on the sun’s position and counting their steps to track their location relative to their nest. But this system becomes increasingly unreliable as the distance from the nest increases. “We realized that, whenever the ants in salt pans came closer to their nest, they suddenly pinpointed the nest hill from several meters distance,” says Markus Knaden, a researcher at Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology. “This made us think that the hill serves as a nest-defining landmark.” So Knaden and colleagues captured ants from nests in the middle of salt pans and from along their shorelines. Only salt-pan nests had distinct hills, up to 40 centimeters tall, whereas the hills on shoreline nests were lower or barely noticeable. Next, the team removed any hills and placed the captured insects some distance away from their nests. Salt-pan ants struggled more than shore ants to find homes. Shore ants relied on the shoreline for guidance and weren’t affected by the hill removal, the resea