专题十 主谓一致—2024年人教版 中考英语一轮复习进阶讲义

专题十 主谓一致——2024届中考英语一轮复习进阶讲义【人教版】 一、主谓一致定义: 主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致,语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致,意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致,就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。 二、语法一致原则 Both my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。 主语Parents为复数,故谓语动词用are。 三、意义一致原则 1、意义一致的三个典型用法 形式上虽为单数,但意义为复数名词如the police, people, cattle等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 如: Cattle eat grass. 牛吃草。 The police were called in. 警察被召来了。 people 作“民族”讲时,其单数形式为people,复数形式为peoples,作主语时应用语法一致原则。如: The Chinese people is a great people. 中华民族是一个伟大的民族。 56 peoples make up the big family of China. 56个民族构成中国这个大家庭。 2、主语是指一类人的“the+形容词(或过去分词)”时,谓语动词通常用复数。 这类词有:the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the unemployed 等。 另外,像the Chinese, the British, the Irish等表示一个国家或民族的人的总称,作主语时,谓语动词也用复数。如: The injured were taken to hospital. 受伤的人都送进了医院。 The English do not drink much wine. 英国人不喝很多酒。 (1)The + 形容词指人做主语时,谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式。如: The poor were usually looked down upon by the rich. 过去,穷人常被富人瞧不起。 The wounded have been taken good care of in the hospital. 伤员在医院受到了很好的照顾。 (2) The + 形容词指抽象概念做主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如: The decayed has been thrown away. 腐烂的东西已经被扔掉了。 (3)形式上为复数,而意义上却是单数的名词,如news, mathematics, physics,politics, economics及以s结尾的书名、国名等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如: Mathematics is the language of science. 数学是科学语言。 His “Selected Poems” was first published in 1965. 他的诗歌选集最早是1965年出版的。 四、就近一致原则 即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词 Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错了就是我错了。 Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it. 老师和学生对此都不感兴趣。 (1)连词or, not…but…, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的数与靠近它的主语一致。如: Not his parents but he doesn't want to go. 是他的父母亲不想去而不是他不想去。 Neither you nor I am a stranger here. 你和我都不是刚来这里。 Does neither he nor his classmates know the secret? 他和他的同学都不知道这个秘密吗? Do neither his classmates nor he know the secret? 注意疑问句中助动词保持就近。 (2)当there be后有两个或几个并列的主语时,be的数由与其靠得最近的那个主语一致。如: There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate. 盘子里有一个苹果,两个梨子和一些桔子。 There are two pears, some oranges and an apple on the plate.